Characterization of the Gastric Microbiota in a Pediatric Population According to Helicobacter pylori Status

Llorca, Laura; Pérez-Pérez, Guillermo I.; Urruzuno, Pedro; Martínez, María Josefa García; Iizumi, Tadasu; Gao, Zhan; Sohn, Jiho; Chung, Jennifer; Cox, Laura M.; Simón-Soro, Áurea; Mira, Álex; Alarcón, Teresa

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001383

Cited by 75 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It should be noted that even in some H pylori negative individuals (deemed H pylori negative by conventional methods), the bacterium can be detected when employing highly sensitive DNA‐based detection. In a paediatric cohort from Spain, 18 children were designated as H pylori positive while low abundance of H pylori was detected in another 17 children (on average 0.45% abundance within the gastric microbiota). Similarly, in a small‐scale sequencing study on a Chinese cohort, the microbiota of six H pylori positive and six H pylori negative patients was sequenced and revealed that five of six H pylori negative individuals were carriers (again in low abundance from 0.04% to 0.67%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: gastric microbiota in health and disease

Rajilić‐Stojanović¹,

Figueiredo²,

Smet³

et al. 2020

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

122

112

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Background Helicobacter pylori is the most infamous constituent of the gastric microbiota and its presence is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer and other gastroduodenal diseases. Although historically the healthy stomach was considered a sterile organ, we now know it is colonised with a complex microbiota. However, its role in health and disease is not well understood. Aim To systematically explore the literature on the gastric microbiota in health and disease as well as the gut microbiota after bariatric surgery. Methods A systematic search of online bibliographic databases MEDLINE/EMBASE was performed between 1966 and February 2019 with screening in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and observational studies were included if they reported next‐generation sequencing derived microbiota analysis on gastric aspirate/tissue or stool samples (bariatric surgical outcomes). Results Sixty‐five papers were eligible for inclusion. With the exception of H pylori‐induced conditions, overarching gastric microbiota signatures of health or disease could not be determined. Gastric carcinogenesis induces a progressively altered microbiota with an enrichment of oral and intestinal taxa as well as significant changes in host gastric mucin expression. Proton pump inhibitors usage increases gastric microbiota richness. Bariatric surgery is associated with an increase in potentially pathogenic proteobacterial species in patient stool samples. Conclusion While H pylori remains the single most important risk factor for gastric disease, its capacity to shape the collective gastric microbiota remains to be fully elucidated. Further studies are needed to explore the intricate host/microbial and microbial/microbial interplay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review: gastric microbiota in health and disease

Rajilić‐Stojanović¹,

Figueiredo²,

Smet³

et al. 2020

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

122

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Liorca et al. aimed to compare the gastric microbiota in pediatric patients with (n=18) and without (n=33) H. pylori infection, who underwent gastric endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. Bacterial richness and diversity were lower in H. pylori‐ positive specimens than in those negative, and both groups were clearly separated according to beta diversity.…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori and Gastric Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori infection in children

2017

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Helicobacter pylori infection in children differs from that in adults, from the point of view of epidemiology, host response, clinical features, related diseases, and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies. The prevalence of H. pylori infection, in both children and adults, is decreasing in the Western World as well as in some developing countries, which contrasts with the increase in childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Recurrent abdominal pain is not specific during H. pylori infection in children. The role of H. pylori infection and failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease remains controversial. The main initial diagnosis is based on upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy-based methods. Nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. The infection eradication control is based on validated noninvasive tests. The main cause of treatment failure of H. pylori infection is its clarithromycin resistance. We recommend standard antibiotic susceptibility testing of H. pylori in pediatric patients prior to the initiation of eradication therapy. H. pylori treatment in children should be based on an evaluation of the rate of eradication in the local population, a systematic use of a treatment adapted to the susceptibility profile and a treatment compliance greater than 90%. The last meta-analysis in children did not show an advantage for sequential therapy when compared to a 14-day triple therapy. Finally, the high rate of antibiotic resistance responsible for therapy failure in recent years justifies the necessity of a novel vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection in children.

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“…They reported higher microbial diversity and richness in H. pylori -negative subjects. [74] Several factors have been suggested that may account for shifts in the gastric microbiome with H. pylori infection: [1] increased gastric pH secondary to long-term H. pylori infection favors the colonization of transient bacteria, [2] ammonia and bicarbonate produced as a result of urease activity may be used as substrates for other bacteria, and [3] H. pylori -induced decreased gastric motility. [75]…”

Section: Gastric Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Minalyan

Gabrielyan

Scott

et al. 2017

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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Purpose of review The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and other organisms colonizing the stomach and the intestines has shed some light on the importance of microbiome in maintaining overall health and developing pathological conditions when alterations in biodiversity are present. The gastric acidity plays a crucial role in filtering out bacteria and preventing development of enteric infections. In this article, we discuss the physiology of gastric acid secretion and bacterial contribution to the composition of gastric and intestinal barriers and review the current literature on the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the microbial biodiversity of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent findings Culture-independent techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial biodiversity in the gastrointestinal tract. Luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations are not identical. Streptococcus is overrepresented in the biopsies of patients with antral gastritis and may also be responsible for the development of peptic ulcer disease. The use of PPIs favors relative streptococcal abundance irrespective of H. pylori status and may explain the persistence of dyspeptic symptoms in patients on PPI therapy. Increased risk of enteric infections has also been seen in patients taking PPIs. The overuse of PPIs leads to significant shift of the gastrointestinal microbiome towards a less healthy state. Summary With the advent of PPIs, many studies have demonstrated the significant changes in the microbial composition of both gastric and intestinal microbiota. Although they are considered relatively safe over-the-counter medications, PPIs in many cases are over- and even inappropriately used. Future studies assessing the safety of PPIs and their role in the development of microbiome changes should be encouraged.

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Characterization of the Gastric Microbiota in a Pediatric Population According to Helicobacter pylori Status

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

Systematic review: gastric microbiota in health and disease

Systematic review: gastric microbiota in health and disease

Helicobacter pylori infection in children

The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors

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