Characterization of the flow properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose via mechanical and optical techniques

Kulicke, Werner‐Michael; Reinhardt, Ulf; Fuller, Gerald G.; Arendt, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s003970050153

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…the polymer chains are aggregated by hydrogen bonds. The occurrence of aggregates in aqueous solutions of Na-CMC with low degree of substitution was also reported by Kulicke et al (1999) (although the authors do not mention about the crystalline regions). As a consequence, the similar scaling exponents for Na-CMC 0.62 may result from the presence of aggregates.…”

Section: Dynamic Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Studies conducted by Kulicke et al (1996) show that the maximum zero shear viscosity of Na-CMC aqueous solutions occurs at DS & 0.9. Changes in the viscosity of Na-CMC aqueous solutions accompanying an increase in DS are most likely related to the presence of inter-and intrachain hydrogen bonds (Kulicke et al 1999). The interchain hydrogen bonds which have the greatest impact on the viscosity of the solution form primarily between O 6 H 6 groups and CH 2 COONa groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the degree of substitution on the rheology of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in propylene glycol/water mixtures

2017

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The linear dynamic viscoelastic properties and non-linear transient rheology of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions (Na-CMC) in propylene glycol/water mixtures were investigated. Measurements were carried out for the solutions of Na-CMC with three different degrees of substitution (DS), namely 0.62, 0.79, 1.04, and the similar average molecular weight (M w & 250,000 g/mol). The strong synergism between the molecules of Na-CMC with DS of 0.62 and 0.79, and propylene glycol has been observed. The occurrence of the overshoot shear stress and the low loss tangent values indicate the physical cross-linking of the polymer chains. The increase of propylene glycol concentration over 80 wt% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (DS = 0.7) over 1.6 wt% leads to the formation of a physical cross-link network. The absence of overshoot shear stress and terminal behaviour in SAOS flow of the Na-CMC 1.04 solutions in the PG/water mixture shows that no intermolecular cross-linking of polymer chains occurred in them.

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Section: Dynamic Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the degree of substitution on the rheology of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in propylene glycol/water mixtures

2017

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“…SCMC is an ionic polysaccharide derived from cellulose with numerous hydroxyl and carboxylic acid moieties, which provide stronger physical bonding to the polymer matrix due to substituted sodium ions compared with PVA filler . Note furthermore that in industry, CMC is employed as a flow enhancer, stabilizer, and as a binding, suspending, and thickening agent . Figure b shows the fabrication procedure for M‐rGO based anodes, with a simple bar coating of the rGO paste followed by freeze drying.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic Graphene Trees as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with High C‐Rates

Jeong

Yang

Jeong

et al. 2015

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Monolithically structured reduced graphene oxide (rGO), prepared from a highly concentrated and conductive rGO paste, is introduced as an anode material for lithium ion batteries with high rate capacities. This is achieved by a mixture of rGO paste and the water-soluble polymer sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) with freeze drying. Unlike previous 3D graphene porous structures, the monolithic graphene resembles densely branched pine trees and has high mechanical stability with strong adhesion to the metal electrodes. The structures contain numerous large surface area open pores that facilitate lithium ion diffusion, while the strong hydrogen bonding between the graphene layers and SCMC provides high conductivity and reduces the volume changes that occur during cycling. Ultrafast charge/discharge rates are obtained with outstanding cycling stability and the capacities are higher than those reported for other anode materials. The fabrication process is simple and straightforward to adjust and is therefore suitable for mass production of anode electrodes for commercial applications.

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“…[33,34,35] Solutions that have already been investigated including those of TMV, xanthan, [36] polyurethane, [37] j-carrageen [38] and CMC. [39] Results and discussion…”

Section: Rheometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous investigations [39] the concentrations of the HPC samples lay in the semi-concentrated range for c = 0.2 -1.0%. In the concentration range above c = 1.0%, rheo-mechanical and rheo-optical investigation for all the HPC samples investigated resulted in evidence of penetration or excluded volume so that according to previous investigations a concentrated solution (c A c**) was probably present.…”

Section: Influence Of Concentration and Temperature On The Physical Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological characterization of aqueous hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions close to phase separation

Roschinski

Kulicke

2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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The influence of temperature, concentration, shear rate and degree of substitution on the molecular structure of aqueous hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions (HPC) was investigated by means of rheo‐mechanical and rheo‐optical methods. During the investigations, it was possible to demonstrate the formation of supramolecular structures, even before visual or rheo‐mechanical confirmation, through the detection of dichroism in the shear field at T = 39°C shortly before the flocculation temperature at TF = 40°C. In addition, birefringence experiments and mechanical oscillation investigations showed that this conformational change of the segments was dependent upon the polymer concentration and the shear rate. The aggregated structure of the 0.6% HPC was elastic and easily degradable under shear, whereas the 1.5% solution was less elastic and the aggregates could only be degraded at higher shear rates. At high shear rates it is presumed that a conformation change in the HPC segments for 0.6–1.5% solutions led to the development of a second shear‐stable aggregate structure. It was therefore not possible to perform a uniform normalization of the birefringence in the semi‐concentrated solutions and compare it with phenomenological theories for the temperature range at T = 39°C due to differences in conformation that were dependent upon concentration and shear stress. The influence of the molar substitution, MS, at T = 39°C on the formation of supramolecular HPC structures was significant for 1.5% solutions. Beyond a MS > 6, the birefringence increased by over a decade as a function of the shear rate.

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Characterization of the flow properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose via mechanical and optical techniques

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of the degree of substitution on the rheology of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in propylene glycol/water mixtures

Effect of the degree of substitution on the rheology of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in propylene glycol/water mixtures

Monolithic Graphene Trees as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with High C‐Rates

Rheological characterization of aqueous hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions close to phase separation

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