Characterization of the ferrichrome A biosynthetic gene cluster in the homobasidiomycete<i>Omphalotus olearius</i>

Welzel, Kai; Eisfeld, Katrin; Antelo, Luís T.; Anke, Timm; Anke, Heidrun

doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.013

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Supporting this hypothesis, C. heterostrophus, A. brassicicola, and F. graminearum NPS6 genes were upregulated under iron-depleted conditions ( Figure 4) as reported previously for genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis in other fungi (Yuan et al, 2001;Yamada et al, 2003;Welzel et al, 2005). HPLC analyses of C. heterostrophus broth and mycelial fractions from wild-type and Dnps6 strains indicated that NPS6 is indeed involved in siderophore biosynthesis, specifically in extracellular siderophore biosynthesis.…”

Section: Nps6 Encodes An Nrps Involved In Extracellular Siderophore Bsupporting

confidence: 86%

NPS6, Encoding a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Involved in Siderophore-Mediated Iron Metabolism, Is a Conserved Virulence Determinant of Plant Pathogenic Ascomycetes

et al. 2006

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NPS6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, is a virulence determinant in the maize (Zea mays) pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and is involved in tolerance to H2O2. Deletion of NPS6 orthologs in the rice (Oryza sativa) pathogen, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, the wheat (Triticum aestivum) pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, and the Arabidopsis thaliana pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola, resulted in reduced virulence and hypersensitivity to H2O2. Introduction of the NPS6 ortholog from the saprobe Neurospora crassa to the Δnps6 strain of C. heterostrophus restored wild-type virulence to maize and tolerance to H2O2, demonstrating functional conservation in filamentous ascomycete phytopathogens and saprobes. Increased sensitivity to iron depletion was identified as a conserved phenotype of Δnps6 strains. Exogenous application of iron enhanced the virulence of Δnps6 strains of C. heterostrophus, C. miyabeanus, F. graminearum, and A. brassicicola to each host. NPS6 is responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular siderophores by C. heterostrophus, F. graminearum, and A. brassicicola. Application of the extracellular siderophore of A. brassicicola restored wild-type virulence of the ΔAbnps6 strain to Arabidopsis. It is proposed that the role of extracellular siderophores in fungal virulence to plants is to supply an essential nutrient, iron, to their producers in planta and not to act as phytotoxins, depriving their hosts of iron.

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Section: Nps6 Encodes An Nrps Involved In Extracellular Siderophore Bsupporting

confidence: 86%

NPS6, Encoding a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Involved in Siderophore-Mediated Iron Metabolism, Is a Conserved Virulence Determinant of Plant Pathogenic Ascomycetes

et al. 2006

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“…We presume fer3 to encode the peptide synthetase catalyzing ferrichrome A biosynthesis. In the gene cluster on chromosome 2, we also found an acylase gene, fer5, that displays similarity to an acyltransferase found in the putative ferrichrome A biosynthetic gene cluster of Omphalotus olearius (Welzel et al, 2005) (Table 1). Fer5 could potentially carry out acylation of N 5 -hydroxy-L-Orn residues in ferrichrome A.…”

Section: Identification Of Coregulated Gene Clusters Involved In Ironmentioning

confidence: 71%

A Ferroxidation/Permeation Iron Uptake System Is Required for Virulence inUstilago maydis

Eichhorn¹,

Lessing²,

et al. 2006

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In the smut fungus Ustilago maydis, a tightly regulated cAMP signaling cascade is necessary for pathogenic development. Transcriptome analysis using whole genome microarrays set up to identify putative target genes of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit Adr1 revealed nine genes with putative functions in two high-affinity iron uptake systems. These genes locate to three gene clusters on different chromosomes and include the previously identified complementing siderophore auxotroph genes sid1 and sid2 involved in siderophore biosynthesis. Transcription of all nine genes plus three additional genes associated with the gene clusters was also coregulated by iron through the Urbs1 transcription factor. Two components of a high-affinity iron uptake system were characterized in more detail: fer2, encoding a high-affinity iron permease; and fer1, encoding an iron multicopper oxidase. Fer2 localized to the plasma membrane and complemented an ftr1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking a high-affinity iron permease. During pathogenic development, fer2 expression was confined to the phase of hyphal proliferation inside the plant. fer2 as well as fer1 deletion mutants were strongly affected in virulence. These data highlight the importance of the high-affinity iron uptake system via an iron permease and a multicopper oxidase for biotrophic development in the U. maydis/maize (Zea mays) pathosystem.

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“…Because the genes of a particular secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway tend to be clustered in fungi, clustering of AbPOPA or AbPOPB with other genes involved in amatoxin biosynthesis would suggest a role for one or both of these genes in amatoxin biosynthesis (1,27,35). To test this, we screened a lambda phage clone library with AbPOPA and AbPOPB, and two hybridizing clones were sequenced completely.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clustering of genes involved in a common pathway is the usual situation in fungal secondary metabolism (32). Although there has been less work done on the genetics of secondary metabolism in basidiomycetes than on that in ascomycetes, this appears to be the emerging consensus for this group of organisms as well (1,27,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

et al. 2010

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Characterization of the ferrichrome A biosynthetic gene cluster in the homobasidiomyceteOmphalotus olearius

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

NPS6, Encoding a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Involved in Siderophore-Mediated Iron Metabolism, Is a Conserved Virulence Determinant of Plant Pathogenic Ascomycetes

NPS6, Encoding a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Involved in Siderophore-Mediated Iron Metabolism, Is a Conserved Virulence Determinant of Plant Pathogenic Ascomycetes

A Ferroxidation/Permeation Iron Uptake System Is Required for Virulence inUstilago maydis

Colocalization of Amanitin and a Candidate Toxin-Processing Prolyl Oligopeptidase in Amanita Basidiocarps

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