Characterization of the effects of x-ray irradiation on the hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of human cortical bone

Barth, Holly D.; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Schaible, Eric; Tang, Simon Y.; Alliston, Tamara; Ritchie, Robert O.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.013

Cited by 247 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Barth et al[ [11]] showed that the plastic and elastic properties of bone are unaffected by doses of irradiation below 35 000 Gy: our findings agree entirely with these data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The mechanical effects of extracorporeal irradiation on bone

Gupta

Cafferky

Cowie

et al. 2015

The Bone & Joint Journal

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The Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. Article ID 35729 Article TitleThe Extracorporeal irradiation of an excised tumour-bearing segment of bone followed by its re-implantation is a technique used in bone sarcoma surgery for limb salvage when the bone is of reasonable quality. There is no agreement among previous studies about the dose of irradiation to be given: up to 300 Gy have been used.We investigated the influence of extracorporeal irradiation on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of bone. Bone was harvested from mature cattle and subdivided into 13 groups: 12 were exposed to increasing levels of irradiation: one was not and was used as a control. The specimens, once irradiated, underwent mechanical testing in saline at 37°C.The mechanical properties of each group, including Young's modulus, storage modulus and loss modulus, were determined experimentally and compared with the control group.There were insignificant changes in all of these mechanical properties with an increasing level of irradiation.We conclude that the overall mechanical effect of high levels of extracorporeal irradiation (300 Gy) on bone is negligible.Consequently the dose can be maximised to reduce the risk of tumour recurrence.

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“…Barth et al[ [11]] showed that the plastic and elastic properties of bone are unaffected by doses of irradiation below 35 000 Gy: our findings agree entirely with these data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The mechanical effects of extracorporeal irradiation on bone

Gupta

Cafferky

Cowie

et al. 2015

The Bone & Joint Journal

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“…However, it should be noted that the limited precision of DVC in measuring the strain field with a spatial resolution of a few tens of μm [typical size of the finite elements at the tissue level (van Rietbergen et al, 1995)], makes it impossible to accurately validate the FE predictions of strain. We have shown that this could be potentially done if high-resolution SRμCT images were used (Figure 2; Table 4) but unfortunately for such application the challenge in performing repeated imaging of the specimens under loading without inducing structural damage to the irradiated tissue remains (Barth et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision of Digital Volume Correlation Approaches for Strain Analysis in Bone Imaged with Micro-Computed Tomography at Different Dimensional Levels

et al. 2017

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Accurate measurement of local strain in heterogeneous and anisotropic bone tissue is fundamental to understand the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal diseases, to evaluate the effect of interventions from preclinical studies, and to optimize the design and delivery of biomaterials. Digital volume correlation (DVC) can be used to measure the three-dimensional displacement and strain fields from micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of loaded specimens. However, this approach is affected by the quality of the input images, by the morphology and density of the tissue under investigation, by the correlation scheme, and by the operational parameters used in the computation. Therefore, for each application, the precision of the method should be evaluated. In this paper, we present the results collected from datasets analyzed in previous studies as well as new data from a recent experimental campaign for characterizing the relationship between the precision of two different DVC approaches and the spatial resolution of the outputs. Different bone structures scanned with laboratory source μCT or synchrotron light μCT (SRμCT) were processed in zero-strain tests to evaluate the precision of the DVC methods as a function of the subvolume size that ranged from 8 to 2,500 µm. The results confirmed that for every microstructure the precision of DVC improves for larger subvolume size, following power laws. However, for the first time, large differences in the precision of both local and global DVC approaches have been highlighted when SRμCT or in vivo μCT images were used instead of conventional ex vivo μCT. These findings suggest that in situ mechanical testing protocols applied in SRμCT facilities should be optimized to allow DVC analyses of localized strain measurements. Moreover, for in vivo μCT applications, DVC analyses should be performed only with relatively course spatial resolution for achieving a reasonable precision of the method. In conclusion, we have extensively shown that the precision of both tested DVC approaches is affected by different bone structures, different input image resolution, and different subvolume sizes. Before each specific application, DVC users should always apply a similar approach to find the best compromise between precision and spatial resolution of the measurements.

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“…However, recent studies have questioned the non-perturbing character of x-rays and discussed a possible effect of high-energy x-ray doses on the mechanical properties of bone [97,98]. Furthermore, in spite of several advantages of high-energy x-ray sources, they are often confined to basic science laboratories and have limited application in clinical studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray diffraction as a promising tool to characterize bone nanocomposites

Tadano

Giri

2011

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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To understand the characteristics of bone at the tissue level, the structure, organization and mechanical properties of the underlying levels down to the nanoscale as well as their mutual interactions need to be investigated. Such information would help understand changes in the bone properties including stiffness, strength and toughness and provide ways to assess the aged and diseased bones and the development of next generation of bio-inspired materials. X-ray diffraction techniques have gained increased interest in recent years as useful non-destructive tools for investigating the nanostructure of bone. This review provides an overview on the recent progress in this field and briefly introduces the related experimental approach. The application of x-ray diffraction to elucidating the structural and mechanical properties of mineral crystals in bone is reviewed in terms of characterization of in situ strain, residual stress-strain and crystal orientation.

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Characterization of the effects of x-ray irradiation on the hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of human cortical bone

Cited by 247 publications

References 70 publications

The mechanical effects of extracorporeal irradiation on bone

The mechanical effects of extracorporeal irradiation on bone

Precision of Digital Volume Correlation Approaches for Strain Analysis in Bone Imaged with Micro-Computed Tomography at Different Dimensional Levels

X-ray diffraction as a promising tool to characterize bone nanocomposites

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