Characterization of the dynamics of fat cell turnover in different bovine adipose tissue depots

Häußler, Susanne; Germeroth, D.; Friedauer, K.; Akter, Salma; Dänicke, Sven; Sauerwein, H.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.004

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In late-lactation cows, short-term intense lipolysis did not increase the expression of these genes [82]. In dairy heifers during peak lactation, Häussler et al detected a 25-fold increase in the number of preadipocytes in the retroperitoneal AT [98], compared to heifers in mid lactation (105 DIM), using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against Ki67, a cell proliferation marker, and Pref-1 (preadipocyte factor). Remarkably, visceral AT apoptosis was also increased in early lactation compared to mid lactation, as demonstrated by the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay that detects DNA fragments as a measure of apoptosis.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

Contreras

Strieder‐Barboza

Raphael

2017

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

122

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Elevated concentrations of plasma fatty acids in transition dairy cows are significantly associated with increased disease susceptibility and poor lactation performance. The main source of plasma fatty acids throughout the transition period is lipolysis from adipose tissue depots. During this time, plasma fatty acids serve as a source of calories mitigating the negative energy balance prompted by copious milk synthesis and limited dry matter intake. Past research has demonstrated that lipolysis in the adipose organ is a complex process that includes not only the activation of lipolytic pathways in response to neural, hormonal, or paracrine stimuli, but also important changes in the structure and cellular distribution of the tissue in a process known as adipose tissue remodeling. This process involves an inflammatory response with immune cell migration, proliferation of the cellular components of the stromal vascular fraction, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes current knowledge on lipolysis in dairy cattle, expands on the new field of adipose tissue remodeling, and discusses how these biological processes affect transition cow health and productivity.

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Section: Adipose Tissue Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

Contreras

Strieder‐Barboza

Raphael

2017

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

122

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“…It has been reported that smaller adipocytes have higher apoptotic rate as a consequence of a loss of function as lipid storage and cell undernourishment (Häussler et al, 2013). However, in mid phase of lactation such as 180 DIM, lower apoptosis, higher PASand DLK-1 positive cells were observed in the smaller adipocytes of EBVp cows, (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The retroperitoneal AT is the most metabolically active depot in cows Kenéz et al, 2015), but we focused the attention on scAT, for the easy of sampling. In scAT numerous very small adipocytes are present, infiltration of phagocytic cell barely occurs (Häussler et al, 2013) and minor extents of time-related differences are exhibited (Kenéz et al, 2015). The stain of scAT with Periodic-acid Schiff reagent confirmed a very scarce presence of macrophages (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Proliferation and apoptosis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lactating cows with different genetic merit for milk yield

2017

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“…Given the challenges of assessing cell turnover in large mammals such as dairy cows, separate groups have evaluated gene expression of cell cycle activation networks including CCNA2 (encoding cyclin A2), CCNB2 (encoding cyclin B2), and MKI67 (encoding Ki-67) or using immunohistochemistry to characterize the dynamics of progenitor cells. During the transition period in first-lactation cows, there is a 25-fold increase in the number of preadipocytes, characterized as cells expressing the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and progenitor cell marker Pref-1, in visceral AT compared with that in mid lactation (Häussler et al, 2013). However, in feed-restricted late-lactation cows, lipolysis did not increase the expression of CCNA2, CCNB2, or MKI67 (Contreras et al, 2016).…”

Section: Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Symposium review: Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Contreras

Strieder‐Barboza

Koster

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Despite major advances in our understanding of transition and early lactation cow physiology and the use of advanced dietary, medical, and management tools, at least half of early lactation cows are reported to develop disease and over half of cow deaths occur during the first week of lactation. Excessive lipolysis, usually measured as plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), is a major risk factor for the development of displaced abomasum, ketosis, fatty liver, and metritis, and may also lead to poor lactation performance. Lipolysis triggers adipose tissue (AT) remodeling that is characterized by enhanced humoral and cell-mediated inflammatory responses and changes in its distribution of cellular populations and extracellular matrix composition. Uncontrolled AT inflammation could perpetuate lipolysis, as we have observed in cows with displaced abomasum, especially in those animals with genetic predisposition for excessive lipolysis responses. Efficient transition cow management ensures a moderate rate of lipolysis that is rapidly reduced as lactation progresses. Limiting FFA release from AT benefits immune function as several FFA are known to promote dysregulation of inflammation. Adequate formulation of pre- and postpartum diet reduces the intensity of AT lipolysis. Additionally, supplementation with niacin, monensin, and rumen-protected methyl donors (choline and methionine) during the transition period is reported to minimize FFA release into systemic circulation. Targeted supplementation of energy sources during early lactation improves energy balance and increases insulin concentration, which limits AT lipolytic responses. This review elaborates on the mechanisms by which uncontrolled lipolysis triggers inflammatory disorders. Details on current nutritional and pharmacological interventions that aid the modulation of FFA release from AT and their effect on immune function are provided. Understanding the inherent characteristics of AT biology in transition and early lactation cows will reduce disease incidence and improve lactation performance.

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Characterization of the dynamics of fat cell turnover in different bovine adipose tissue depots

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

Proliferation and apoptosis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lactating cows with different genetic merit for milk yield

Symposium review: Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

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