Characterization of the Dual Functions of LvCrustinVII from Litopenaeus vannamei as Antimicrobial Peptide and Opsonin

Hu, Jie; Li, Shihao; Lv, Qian; Miao, Miao; Li, Xuechun; Li, Fuhua

doi:10.3390/md20030157

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The PcCru recombinant protein of P. clarkia and SpCrus2 recombinant protein could agglutinate certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Recently, a newly reported type VII crustin LvCrustinVII from L. vannamei was identified, and its recombinant protein has been proved to agglutinate V. parahaemolyticus and enhance hemocyte phagocytosis in the presence of Ca 2+ , indicating that it might be an opsonin (30). Similar aggulutination and opsonization were also found in type I crustin MjCruI-1 from Marsupenaeus japonicus (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In crustaceans, phagocytosis plays an important role in cellular immunity, which is mainly mediated by hemocytes. Crustins have also been reported to be involved in the regulation of hemocyte phagocytosis, such as type VII crustin LvCrustinVII from Litopenaeus vannamei (30) and type I crustin MjCruI-1 from Marsupenaeus japonicus (31). Both could agglutinate bacteria and promote hemocyte phagocytosis, and for LvCrustinVII, its activity became more pronounced in the presence of Ca 2+ .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Crustin Gene Homolog SpCrus8 Identified in Scylla paramamosain Exerting In Vivo Protection Through Opsonization and Immunomodulation

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Crustins are the most abundant class of antimicrobial peptides in crustaceans and are essential for protecting animals from infection. Among them, type II crustins usually exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. Interestingly, in this study, a newly identified type II crustin gene homolog (named SpCrus8) from mud crab Scylla paramamosain, the recombinant proteins of which (rSpCrus8 and rTrx-SpCrus8) showed no obvious antibacterial effects, but could significantly reduce the bacterial load in crab hemolymph and improve the survival rate of crabs infected with Vibrio alginolyticus. The immune-related function of SpCrus8 and the underlying mechanism deserve further investigation. It was found that the SpCrus8 gene was widely distributed in various tissues of adult crabs. In the hepatopancreas of crabs infected with V. alginolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus, transcripts of the SpCrus8 gene were remarkably induced, indicating that the SpCrus8 gene was involved in the immune response to bacterial infection in vivo. In addition, rSpCrus8 and rTrx-SpCrus8 had strong binding activity not only to microbial surface components (lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and glucan), but also to the tested bacteria (S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and V. alginolyticus). Notably, rSpCrus8 and rTrx-SpCrus8 could significantly promote hemocyte phagocytosis. After rSpCrus8 and rTrx-SpCrus8 treatment, a large number of fluorescent microspheres were observed to aggregate into clusters and be phagocytosed by multiple hemocytes, while hemocytes in the control group phagocytosed only individual microspheres, indicating that SpCrus8 played an important role in opsonization. When the SpCrus8 gene was knocked down, the expression levels of the key phagocytosis-related genes SpRab5 and SpRab7 were significantly downregulated, as well as the IMD signaling pathway genes SpIKKβ and SpRelish, and another crustin gene SpCrus5. Correspondingly, all the SpIKKβ, SpRelish and SpCrus5 genes were significantly upregulated after rSpCrus8 treatment, suggesting that SpCrus8 might be involved in the immunomodulation of S. paramamosain. Taken together, this study revealed the immune-related functions of the SpCrus8 gene in opsonization and regulation, which will help us further understand the role of the crustin gene family in the immune system of mud crabs and provide new insights into the function of type II crutins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Crustin Gene Homolog SpCrus8 Identified in Scylla paramamosain Exerting In Vivo Protection Through Opsonization and Immunomodulation

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…13 They have a strong killing effect on fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. 14 Unlike standard antifungal medicines, AMPs inhibit or kill fungi via more complex mechanisms. They mainly produce antimicrobial actions by immobilizing the surface of fungal membranes to disrupt the membrane structure or affecting the main component synthesis of fungal cell walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMPs play a critical role in innate immunity by blocking the entry of dangerous microorganisms . They have a strong killing effect on fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms . Unlike standard antifungal medicines, AMPs inhibit or kill fungi via more complex mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Proteolytic-Resistant Antifungal Peptides by Utilizing Minimum d-Amino Acid Ratios

Lai,

Yuan,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Med. Chem.

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Antifungal peptides are an appealing alternative to standard antifungal medicines due to their unique mechanism of action and low-level resistance. However, their susceptibility to protease degradation keeps hindering their future development. Herein, a library was established to design peptides with protease resistance and high antifungal activity. The peptides were incorporated with minimal D-amino acids to further improve the protease stability. The most active peptide, IR3, demonstrated good antifungal activity and low toxicity, and its molecular integrity was maintained after protease hydrolysis for 8 h at 2 mg/mL. Furthermore, IR3 could permeate the fungal cell wall, disrupt the cell membrane, produce reactive oxygen species, and induce apoptosis in fungal cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that IR3 could effectively treat fungal keratitis. Collectively, these findings suggest that IR3 is a promising antifungal agent and may be beneficial in the design and development of protease-resistant antifungal peptides.

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“…A type I crustin accumulates in damaged tissues in C. maenas , indicating a probable role in wound healing and tissue regeneration [ 22 ]. One type VII crustin from L. vannamei not only has antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also enhances hemocyte phagocytosis [ 23 ]. The expression of a type II crustin in Rimicaris exoculata spatiotemporally correlates with the establishment of ectosymbiotic microbiota [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustin Defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection by Regulating Intestinal Microbial Balance in Litopenaeus vannamei

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Crustins are a kind of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exist in crustaceans. Some crustins do not have direct antimicrobial activity but exhibit in vivo defense functions against Vibrio. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. Here, the regulatory mechanism was partially revealed along with the characterization of the immune function of a type I crustin, LvCrustin I-2, from Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCrustin I-2 was mainly detected in hemocytes, intestines and gills and was apparently up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Although the recombinant LvCrustin I-2 protein possessed neither antibacterial activity nor agglutinating activity, the knockdown of LvCrustin I-2 accelerated the in vivo proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus. Microbiome analysis showed that the balance of intestinal microbiota was impaired after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. Further transcriptome analysis showed that the intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function were impaired in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. After removing the intestinal bacteria via antibiotic treatment, the phenomenon of impaired intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function disappeared in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. This indicated that the impairment of the shrimp intestine after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown was caused by the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The present data suggest that crustins could resist pathogen infection through regulating the intestinal microbiota balance, which provides new insights into the functional mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides during pathogen infection.

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Characterization of the Dual Functions of LvCrustinVII from Litopenaeus vannamei as Antimicrobial Peptide and Opsonin

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

A New Crustin Gene Homolog SpCrus8 Identified in Scylla paramamosain Exerting In Vivo Protection Through Opsonization and Immunomodulation

A New Crustin Gene Homolog SpCrus8 Identified in Scylla paramamosain Exerting In Vivo Protection Through Opsonization and Immunomodulation

Design of Proteolytic-Resistant Antifungal Peptides by Utilizing Minimum d-Amino Acid Ratios

Crustin Defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection by Regulating Intestinal Microbial Balance in Litopenaeus vannamei

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