Characterization of the Differential Adverse Event Rates by Race/Ethnicity Groups for HPV Vaccine by Integrating Data From Different Sources

Abstract

Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) contain spontaneously reported adverse events (AEs) from the public. It has been a major data source for detecting AEs and monitoring vaccine safety. As one major limitation of spontaneous surveillance systems, the VAERS reports by themselves sometimes do not provide enough information to answer certain research questions. For example, patient level demographics are very limited in VAERS due to the protection of patient privacy, such that investigation of differential AE rates across race/ethnicity groups cannot be conducted using VAERS data only. For many vaccines, racial and ethnical difference in immune responses has been found in studies based on racially diverse cohorts. It is of great interest to characterize the differential AE rates by race and ethnicity groups for vaccines. In this study, we propose a novel statistical method to integrate VAERS data with data from other resources for vaccine pharmacovigilance research. Specifically, we integrate VAERS data with CDC survey data of vaccine coverage and U.S. census data of race/ethnicity distribution to quantify differential AE rates by race/ethnicity groups for HPV vaccine. We utilize the difference of race/ethnicity distributions across U.S. states to investigate the association between AE reporting rate and race/ethnicity groups at the population level. We identify 9 AEs with significantly different reporting rates between non-Hispanic White females and other race/ethnicity groups.

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

“…The previous example is by no means unique. Although these differences still need further large sample size observational studies, the current limited evidence with the past experiences among other types of viral vaccines indicates that adverse effects might be attributed to several factors, including ethnicity, lifestyle, and knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination, and their related factors, such as trust in the accuracy of the measures taken by the government, education, and history of recommendation [ 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Although the Pfizer-BioNTech is the most administered vaccine in the Arab world, the frequencies of some types of COVID-19 vaccines were differed based on the country.…”

Adverse effect investigation using application software after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 for healthcare workers

“…One of the influential factors is the difference in distribution according to age and gender of the target population. In addition, racial differences may also be involved in the frequency of AEs [ 16 ].…”

Adverse Effects on Work and Daily Life Interference among Healthcare Workers after the First and Second ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Doses

“…Differences in ethnicity, immune status, and living environment, however, did appear to have affected the adverse effects. Although the mechanism is completely different, race and ethnicity are known to affect vaccine immunity and adverse effects to other vaccines, such as HPV and the smallpox vaccine [ 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, these inconsistencies might be due to the expression of symptoms associated with different cultures or languages.…”