Characterization of the cure reactions of bismaleimide composite matrices

Morgan, Roger J.; Shin, E. Eugene; Rosenberg, B. A.; Jurek, Ann

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00542-3

Cited by 125 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Band at 1080 cm Ϫ1 was assigned to ArOOOAr symmetrical stretching. 41 Bands at 1364 and 1387 cm Ϫ1 are associated with methyl group and they might be assigned to CH 3 symmetrical bending umbrella mode of gemdimethyl group in PSF 37,42 or CH bending of CH 2 in BMI. 43 Incorporation of BMI, which contains less methyl groups than PSF might lead to a decrease in the intensity of these two bands.…”

Section: Chemical Structure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of modified bismaleimide/polysulfone semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

Kurdi

Kumar

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present work reports a new method of preparing semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) membranes through in situ polymerization of bismaleimide (BMI) within polysulfone (PSF). It was found that BMI could be polymerized at ambient conditions in the presence of a proton donor and PSF without the use of an initiator or a catalyst. Chemical structure characterization of these semi‐IPNs by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) revealed the possibility of imide cleavage and formation of amic acid when BMI polymerization was continued for a longer time while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the protonation of imide nitrogen at shorter polymerization time. It was also found that size of thermoset BMI phase within the PSF thermoplastic has a significant impact on glass‐transition temperature of resulting semi‐IPN. By controlling the thermoset/thermoplastic phase separation of semi‐IPNs through dope composition and formation techniques, gas separation membranes with comparable selectivity and permeance that were up to 12 times higher than corresponding PSF membranes were formed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 369–379, 2006

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Section: Chemical Structure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of modified bismaleimide/polysulfone semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

Kurdi

Kumar

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This difference in reactivity for 2-allylphenol/PMI and DABA/PMI was attributed to steric repulsion of DABA. Subsequently, Morgan et al 13,14 reported that the curing mechanism of DABA/BMIM consisted of the ene addition reaction of the ally group to maleimide one, subsequent chain polymerization of maleimide and propenyl groups generated by the ene reaction and etherification by the dehydration reaction of the phenol moieties, based on the FTIR analysis of the reaction of DABA and BMI ( Figure 6). The experimental result from remote fiber optic near-infrared spectroscopy by Mijoviae and Andjeliae 28 also supported the occurrence of the etherification reaction, but a chemical structure was not proposed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of DABA has shown that a stepwise ene reaction and subsequent chain polymerization in addition to an etherification reaction occurs in the production of DABA/BMIM. 13,14 Although the fully cured DABA/BMIM possesses superior thermal stability and mechanical properties, its typical curing condition (230-250 1C/4-6 h) are too severe to allow it to be applied to a wide range of uses such as general purpose electronics and structural materials. We had already reported that the BMIM cured with tung oil or dehydrated castor oil at 200 1C for 2 h has a relatively high glass transition temperature (T g ) with high tensile strength and modulus, 15,16 and that the Diels-Alder polymerization product of furfuryl ester-terminated butylene succinate oligomer and BMIM has flexural strength properties superior to poly(butylene succinate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance bio-based bismaleimide resins using succinic acid and eugenol

Shibata

Teramoto

Shimasaki

et al. 2011

Polym J

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Biseugenyl succinate (BEUS) and bis(4-maleimidephenyl) succinate (BMIS) were synthesized by the reaction of succinic acid (SA) with eugenol and the reaction of succinyl chloride with 4-hydroxyphenylmaleimide, respectively. A gelled mixture of BEUS and BMIS at a molar ratio of 1/1, 1/2 or 1/3 at 200 1C was compression-molded at 230 1C for 1 h to produce a cured BEUS/BMIS product. The properties of BEUS/BMIS were compared with the properties of 2,2¢-diallyl bisphenol A (DABA)/4,4¢-bismaleimidediphenylmethane (BMIM) cured at 230 1C for 1 h. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the cured materials revealed that chain polymerization of allyl and maleimide groups occurred to produce BEUS/BMIS, whereas a stepwise ene reaction and subsequent chain polymerization in addition to an etherification reaction occurred to produce DABA/BMIM. The cured BEUS/BMIS (1/2, 1/3) showed a higher glass transition temperature and greater tensile strength than the corresponding DABA/BMIM.

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“…Firstly, this reaction leads to the evolution of water, increasing the risk of bubbles or voids forming in the cured material, which is particular problem in a reinforced composite. Secondly, the conversion of this reaction during standard cure cycles is often low (~50%) [31]. If the cured material is then used extensively at elevated temperatures, further curing can slowly take place and decrease the toughness of an already brittle system.…”

Section: Second Generation 'Toughened' Bmi Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

Iredale¹,

Ward

Hamerton

2017

Progress in Polymer Science

229

152

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Hamerton, E-mail: ian.hamerton@bristol.ac.uk This review is respectfully and affectionately dedicated to Dr Horst D Stenzenberger, who has been an inspirational figure in modern BMI chemistry, always happy to share his extensive knowledge of this field. ABSTRACT:The chemistry of bismaleimides (BMIs), their blends and copolymers is reviewed critically with particular emphasis placed on the development of the field after 1990, which was marked by several comprehensive review articles. A general introduction to the structure property relationships of BMIs is presented, outlining the development of the preparative chemistry, and the early strategies adopted to address the inherent brittleness of the cured 'first generation' BMI polymers. 'Second generation', diallylbisphenol-toughened BMIs, form the basis of the benchmark commercial systems, and the polymerization mechanism is discussed. The current review is placed in context, addressing the issues of cost, processing and precursor toxicity, the major barriers to wider acceptance of BMIs. The main body of the review evaluates a number of observations made by Dr Horst Stenzenberger in 1990, for the future development of BMI technology. Hence, the synthesis of novel bismaleimide building blocks, incorporation of new thermoplastics and additives, and blending with new thermosetting comonomers are all discussed in detail. The aforementioned review had been written before the concept of nanocomposites or shape memory polymers had been explored with BMIs, but the fields have since grown (especially in the case of the former topic) and are reviewed herein. The application of BMIs to continuous fibre composites is one of the proposed fields of commercial development. The topic falls a little beyond the scope of the present review of BMI chemistry, and is the subject of another publication, but a brief discussion of the most recent developments is presented. The review is concluded with some thoughts about the future outlook for BMI chemistry.

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Characterization of the cure reactions of bismaleimide composite matrices

Cited by 125 publications

References 4 publications

Synthesis and characterization of modified bismaleimide/polysulfone semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

Synthesis and characterization of modified bismaleimide/polysulfone semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks

High-performance bio-based bismaleimide resins using succinic acid and eugenol

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

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