Characterization of the complex bacterial communities colonizing biliary stents reveals a host-dependent diversity

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive survey of the spatial and temporal bacterial composition of biliary stent biofilms. The bacterial diversity, distribution and dynamics of 59 biliary and 4 pancreatic stent communities from 40 patients being treated at two different hospitals, which implant stents either simultaneously or consecutively, were characterized by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Fifty-one phylotypes belonging to 5 bacterial phyla and 24 bacterial families were detected across 63 stents. This is a much broader diversity than previously detected through culture-dependent methods, particularly in regard to the diversity of obligate anaerobes. Stent bacterial diversity was patient-dependent and more similar when stents were implanted simultaneously rather than consecutively. Stent bacterial community composition differed between hospitals specifically because of the difference in abundance of Bifidobacteria. Co-colonization of Veillonella sp., Streptococcus anginosus and organisms closely related to Fusobacterium nucleatum revealed a potentially important attachment and survival strategy that has yet to be reported in biliary stents. This work reveals a more complete survey of the identities of bacterial species that form biofilms in biliary stents, their co-colonization patterns and the natural variation in species composition between different patients, hospitals and locations along the stent. Consideration of the community composition from individual patients will allow tailoring of prophylactic antibiotic treatments and thus will make the management of stent biofilms more effective.

Gut Microbiome Analysis Identifies Potential Etiological Factors in Acute Gastroenteritis

“…In contrast, for a subset of patients, we observed the emergence of a potential Escherichia-Shigella-dominated enterotype, and this was absent in four distinct cohorts of healthy individuals. We also observed a relationship among Escherichia-Shigella, Veillonella, and Streptococcus in the network analysis, which is in line with reports of the coaggregation of these bacterial groups in previous studies (6). Predictive metagenomics comparing the Escherichia-Shigella enterotype with other patients showed a striking enrichment of proinflammatory pathways, such as bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins, and the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, as well as a decrease in beneficial bacterial functions, such as flavone and flavonol biosynthesis.…”

Disturbances of the Perioperative Microbiome Across Multiple Body Sites in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy

“…Similarly, it has been shown that the pancreatic duct or stents within the duct in the setting of chronic pancreatitis contain a rich biofilm containing bacteria 6,7 . The bile duct has also been considered to be generally sterile 6 but a number of studies have demonstrated the presence of bacteria in the biliary system in the setting of bile duct obstruction 6,8,9 . However, little is known about the presence of microbes within the pancreas or bile duct in the setting of cancer or how these microbes might affect treatment outcomes.…”

Stereoselective Access to Fluorinated and Non‐fluorinated Quaternary Piperidines: Synthesis of Pipecolic Acid and Iminosugar Derivatives

“…These bands correspond to two species belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, being one of them related with the genus Streptococcus sp. (B3–B11),26 which have been found in waste digestion systems 27, 28. These species could be involved in the hydrolysis of the particulate matter of UIO wastewater.…”