Characterization of the calendering process for compaction of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Meyer, Chris J.; Bockholt, Henrike; Haselrieder, Wolfgang; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.05.031

Cited by 186 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, it can be concluded that the speed of the calender rolls in pilot lines has no effect on the displacement in the investigated range. Previous works have shown the same correlation for line load and velocities up to 5 m min −1 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…On the other hand, the two models investigated have different hydraulic units. Furthermore, the roll‐bending system of calender 2 counteracts the formation of a bending line . A uniqueness of calender 2 is the overshoot of the curve at the outlet of the electrode sheet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was technically based on the measurement of the upper rolls' back pressure. The applied line load ( q L ) was calculated from the rolling force ( F N ) and the coating width ( w C ) of the cathode: q L = F N / w C …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the coating of anode and cathode generally varies in their material properties, both electrodes show a different calendering behavior . Cathode‐active material particles are harder than the anode ones, therefore higher forces must be applied to cause deformation in form of particle–particle rearrangements associated with particle friction …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

et al. 2019

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The shift in the transport sector from internal combustion engines to battery‐powered electric vehicles and the continued demand for portable applications increases the need for batteries in the coming years. To optimize battery technologies, it is essential to fully understand the production process and the associated parameters as well as their influence on the chemical processes within the cell. At the Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), extensive knowledge of the calendering process is gathered including the investigation of the displacement behavior for both the calender rolls and the bearing, as well as the adhesion strength. The process parameters such as roll temperature and velocity, structure parameters (e. g., coating thickness, adhesion strength), and machine behavior parameters (displacement and bending line) are investigated using three calender models. The achieved porosities are verified via porosity consistency measurements. Based on the collected data, qualitative machine/material–process–structure models are built up. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy support the relations made. In addition, a connection between vertical displacement and line load is established.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

et al. 2019

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“…A detailed analysis of the calendering process can be found in Meyer et al . (). In order to quantitatively investigate the influence of the compaction load on the cathode microstructure, the 3D information of eight differently compacted cathodes has been obtained using synchrotron tomography, which allows nondestructive imaging combined with high resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the 3D microstructure of experimental cathode films for lithium‐ion batteries under increasing compaction

Kuchler¹,

Prifling²,

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Journal of Microscopy

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It is well known that the microstructure of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries has an immense impact on their overall performance. The manufacturing of the batteries includes the so-called calendering, where the electrodes are compressed with a certain pressure, which is called compaction load. This process step mainly determines the resulting morphology of the electrode and thus the properties of the battery. Therefore, eight cathodes with different compaction loads were manufactured and imaged by synchrotron tomography, which leads to 3D images containing detailed information about the inner structure of the cathode. This image data allows an extensive analysis of the 3D cathode microstructure with respect to increasing compaction. In order to quantify the microstructural changes we use several characteristics describing diverse properties of the morphology. Furthermore, the 3D image data can be used for the computation of characteristics which can not be determined by experiments. Therefore, 3D image data allows us to understand how the microstructure of cathodes is influenced by the compaction load. Finally, we are able to predict the distribution of a certain characteristic for arbitrary compaction loads. This information is valuable with regard to the development of improved lithium-ion batteries.

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Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials

et al. 2020

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Conventional nickel‐rich cathode materials suffer from reaction heterogeneity during electrochemical cycling particularly at high temperature, because of their polycrystalline properties and secondary particle morphology. Despite intensive research on the morphological evolution of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, its practical investigation at the electrode and cell levels is still rarely discussed. Herein, an intrinsic limitation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich cathode materials in high‐energy full‐cells is discovered under industrial electrode‐fabrication conditions. Owing to their highly unstable chemo‐mechanical properties, even after the first cycle, nickel‐rich materials are degraded in the longitudinal direction of the high‐energy electrode. This inhomogeneous degradation behavior of nickel‐rich materials at the electrode level originates from the overutilization of active materials on the surface side, causing a severe non‐uniform potential distribution during long‐term cycling. In addition, this phenomenon continuously lowers the reversibility of lithium ions. Consequently, considering the degradation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, this study suggests the adoption of a robust single‐crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a feasible alternative, to effectively suppress the localized overutilization of active materials. Such an adoption can stabilize the electrochemical performance of high‐energy lithium‐ion cells, in which superior capacity retention above ≈80% after 1000 cycles at 45 °C is demonstrated.

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Characterization of the calendering process for compaction of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 186 publications

References 19 publications

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

Analysis of the 3D microstructure of experimental cathode films for lithium‐ion batteries under increasing compaction

Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials

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