Characterization of the “border zone” in acute regional ischemia in the dog

Hearse, David J.; Opie, Lionel H.; Katzeff, I.E.; Lubbe, Welma; Werff, Terry J. van der; Peisach, M.; Boulle, Gerrard

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(77)90187-4

Cited by 147 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This latter surface was employed in constructing the replicas and is here termed the "ischemic margin." This finding is in agreement with that of Hearse et al 25 who noted that the polarity change occurred several millimeters outside the cyanotic demarcation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A solid angle analysis of the epicardial ischemic TQ-ST deflection in the pig. A theoretical and experimental study.

Richeson¹,

Akiyama²,

Schenk³

1978

Circulation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The solid angle theory has long been applied to the interpretation of the ECG; however, quantitative evaluation of its applicability has been minimal. We applied solid angle analysis to the interpretation of the TQ-ST deflection during acute ischemia. Five anesthetized pigs were studied 1--3 hours after coronary occlusion. Multiple unipolar tracings were recorded from precisely determined positions on the epicardium overlying the ischemic and normal zones. The geometry of the hearts and ischemic zones was preserved, the margins of ischemia being defined as the outer border of Thioflavin S nonfluorescence. Wax replicas of the hearts with ischemic zones removed were constructed. Solid angles subtended at electrode positions on the replicas were calculated. A linear relationship (r = 0.84 - 0.97, P less than 0.001) was shown to exist between the observed TQ-ST deflection and the calculated solid angle. A small but patterned deviation from exact fit of the TQ-ST deflection with the calculated solid angle led us to investigate the possibility that dipole moment strength (phi) is not confined to the ischemic margins. Computations using idealized heart models with ischemic zones cylindrical and transmural in shape allowed us to distribute phi arbitrarily within the ischemic zone, comparing this predicted pattern of TQ-ST deflection with that observed experimentally. The experimental data appear most consistent with the condition in which phi is distributed over a 1-cm border region during the first several hours of ischemia. We conclude that the solid angle theory provides a rational basis for interpretation of the ischemic TQ-ST deflection; however, phi may be distributed over a marginal zone.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A solid angle analysis of the epicardial ischemic TQ-ST deflection in the pig. A theoretical and experimental study.

Richeson¹,

Akiyama²,

Schenk³

1978

Circulation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The x-ray angiogram should thus be made from myocardial sections that are relatively thin. In the present study, the left ventricle was sectioned into eight rings; this resulted in small epi-endo samples that were then combined from different rings to provide a sample size greater than 1 g. The view that a zone of intermediate ischemia and injury constitutes a significant fraction of the ischemic region is supported by a variety of studies [histochemical (Vokonas et al, 1978;Cox et al, 1968), biochemical (Cox et al, 1968;Hearse et al, 1977;Kjekshus and Sobel, 1970), myocardial blood flow (Becker et al, 1973;Vokonas et al, 1978;Jugdutt et al, 1979aJugdutt et al, , 1979bJugdutt et al, , 1980, and electrocardiographic (Maroko et al, 1971(Maroko et al, , 1977Braunwald et al, 1974)]. It is apparent that intermediate reductions in blood flow or injury may result if a tissue sample that is analyzed contains an admixture of nonischemic and ischemic myocardium and that the dimension of the zone will depend on the technique for sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Considerable controversy exists concerning the transitional or border zone between ischemic and nonischemic zones. One view is that the ischemic region consists of a central zone of greatest ischemia that is surrounded by significant transitional zones characterized by intermediate reductions in blood flow (Becker et al, 1973;Jugdutt et al, 1979aJugdutt et al, , 1979bVokonas et al, 1978), intermediate myocardial injury, and incomplete necrosis (Vokonas et al, 1978;Cox et al, 1968;Hearse et al, 1977;Kjekshus and Sobel, 1970;Maroko et al, 1971Maroko et al, , 1977Braunwald et al, 1974;Sobel and Shell, 1973). According to this concept, transitional zones of intermediate ischemia result from preferential perfusion via the nonoccluded vasculature that borders the ischemic region.…”

Section: (Circ Res 52: 451 -459 1983)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitional blood flow zones between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the awake dog. Analysis based on distribution of the intramural vasculature.

Murdock

Harlan

Morris³

et al. 1983

Circulation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY. The present study evaluates the transitional or border zone of intermediate blood flow reduction between nonischemic and ischemic regions after acute coronary artery occlusion in chronically instrumented dogs, using methods that minimize an admixture of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the tissue analyzed. The regions perfused by occluded and nonoccluded vessels were identified by tracing the extra and intramural distribution of the coronary vasculature from postmortem angiograms. Regional blood flow was evaluated in serial 3-mm-wide epicardial and endocardial zones from outside and inside the interface between occluded and nonoccluded vessels. The zone of intermediate reduction in blood flow between nonischemic and ischemic regions occurred in the first 3-mm section immediately inside the region supplied by the occluded vasculature. Mean blood flow in this region was reduced to 58 ± 6% and 61 ± 5% (±SEM) of nonischemic region blood flow at the lateral and medial epicardial margins, respectively, and 47 ± 5% and 45 ± 6% at the lateral and medial endocardial margins, respectively. In the remaining ischemic zone, significant differences in blood flow existed between epicardial and endocardial layers; these differences were highly variable between animals. The data indicate that when the analysis of regional blood flow following acute ischemia is based on the anatomic distribution of the coronary vasculature, the transitional or border zone of intermediate reduction in blood flow is limited to a narrow zone immediately inside the occluded vasculature. Studies performed in acutely anesthetized dogs in which the occluded region was perfused via a two-chamber blood reservoir that allowed maintenance of perfusion and exclusion of microspheres from the circumflex region indicate that intermediate reductions in blood flow at the border of the ischemic zone resulted from an admixture of normal myocardium and, thus, do not represent a border zone of intermediate ischemia.

show abstract

“…16,1996 ATF3 RESPONDS TO STRESSES 1165 loop shape is reminiscent of the border zone reported previously (25). Hearse et al described concentric zones of different degrees of ischemia and postulated that gradients of metabolism and electrophysiology may exist in these zones (25). It is not clear, however, whether the loop-shaped expression of ATF3 is related to the border zone phenomenon.…”

Section: Induction Of Atf3 By Stress Signals Is An Early Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ATF3, a Transcription Factor Induced by Physiological Stresses and Modulated by gadd153/Chop10

Chen

Wolfgang

Hai

1996

Molecular and Cellular Biology

286

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate that ATF3, a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors, is induced in a variety of stressed tissues: mechanically injured liver, toxin-injured liver, blood-deprived heart, and postseizure brain. We also demonstrate that an ATF3-interacting protein, gadd153/Chop10, forms a nonfunctional heterodimer with ATF3: the heterodimer, in contrast to the ATF3 homodimer, does not bind to the ATF/cyclic AMP response element consensus site and does not repress transcription. Interestingly, ATF3 and gadd153/ Chop10 are expressed in inverse but overlapping manners during the liver's response to carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ): the level of gadd153/Chop10 mRNA is high in the normal liver and greatly decreases upon CCl 4 treatment; the level of ATF3 mRNA, on the other hand, is low in the normal liver and greatly increases upon CCl 4 treatment. We hypothesize that in nonstressed liver, gadd153/Chop10 inhibits the limited amount of ATF3 by forming an inactive heterodimer with it, whereas in CCl 4 -injured liver, the synthesis of gadd153/ Chop10 is repressed, allowing the induced ATF3 to function.

show abstract

Characterization of the “border zone” in acute regional ischemia in the dog

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

A solid angle analysis of the epicardial ischemic TQ-ST deflection in the pig. A theoretical and experimental study.

A solid angle analysis of the epicardial ischemic TQ-ST deflection in the pig. A theoretical and experimental study.

Transitional blood flow zones between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the awake dog. Analysis based on distribution of the intramural vasculature.

Analysis of ATF3, a Transcription Factor Induced by Physiological Stresses and Modulated by gadd153/Chop10

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About