Characterization of the bonding structure of nanocrystalline diamond and amorphous carbon films prepared by plasma assisted techniques

Popov, C.; Kulisch, W.; Bliznakov, Stoyan; Mednikarov, B.; Spasov, G.; Pirov, J.; Jelínek, M.; Kocourek, T.; Zemek, J.

doi:10.1007/s00339-007-4092-8

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…(1) NCD: its preparation is described in detail elsewhere, 11 it exhibits grain sizes of 50 -100 nm and about 90% of C sp 3 bonds are found at the near-surface region;…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent attention focused on different carbon-based materials, like hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] graphite, [1][2][3][4]8,9 highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), 8 fullerene, 4,8 carbon nanotubes (CNT) 10 and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) 1-3,9,11,12 is due to their potential industrial applications and unique combinations of mechanical, electrical and optical properties in the infrared region. The microscopic physical and chemical properties of carbon materials depend strongly on the C sp 2 /sp 3 ratio as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their fraction may be determined by several methods. The most important are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), [1][2][3][4]11 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) or X-ray induced AES (XAES), [1][2][3]9 and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). 1,[4][5][6][7][8] The XPS and XAES/AES methods probe the excitation of a core electron to continuum within an information depth that is dependent on the electron kinetic energy (KE) and the geometry of measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNT and HOPG, metal/alloy-based technology, seem to be promising for catalysis and/or hydrogen effective/safe gas storage. 10,13 The carbon atoms hybridize as sp 3 (typical diamond structure), sp 2 (two-dimensional graphite layered structure) or sp 1 (one-dimensional structure). The amorphous and hydrogenated amorphous carbon usually contains a mixture of C sp 3 and C sp 2 hybridizations with a negligible number of C sp 1 hybridizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Auger C KLL first derivative spectrum line width can be described by the distance between the maximum and the minimum; this is called a parameter D. The linear interpolation of parameter D values for graphite and diamond allows for evaluation of the C sp 2 /sp 3 content in amorphous carbon. [1][2][3] The NEXAFS and EELS techniques are currently considered as the most reliable methods for determining the Csp 2 /sp 3 ratio. The methods consider the intensity and energy values of π and π + σ plasmon features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Spectra Line Shape Analysis of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite and Nanocrystalline Diamond

et al. 2010

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The X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) methods were applied in investigating samples of nanocrystalline diamond and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite of various C sp 2 /sp 3 ratios, crystallinity conditions and grain sizes. The composition at the surface was estimated from the XPS. The C sp 2 /sp 3 ratio was evaluated from the width of the XAES first derivative C KLL spectra and from fitting of XPS C 1s spectra into components. The pattern recognition (PR) method applied for analyzing the spectra line shapes exhibited high accuracy in distinguishing different carbon materials. The PR method was found to be a potentially useful approach for identification, especially important for technological applications in fields of materials engineering and for controlling the chemical reaction products during synthesis.

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“…(1) NCD: its preparation is described in detail elsewhere, 11 it exhibits grain sizes of 50 -100 nm and about 90% of C sp 3 bonds are found at the near-surface region;…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Electron Spectra Line Shape Analysis of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite and Nanocrystalline Diamond

et al. 2010

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Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond films: A comparison

Kulisch

Petkov

et al. 2012

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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In this paper the low temperature deposition of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films is compared and discussed. NCD films were prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition from a 1% CH4/H2 mixture, while microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition was used to deposit UNCD films from a mixture of 17% CH4/N2. The resulting films have been thoroughly characterized concerning their morphology and structure by scanning electron microscopy and concerning their crystalline properties by X‐ray diffraction. The composition was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whereas XPS and Raman spectroscopy were applied to get information on the bonding structure of the films. The most important result of this study is that the composition, structure, morphology, and bonding environment of UNCD hardly change if the deposition temperature is lowered from 770 to 530 °C or even 450 °C. In contrast, there are drastic changes of the nature of NCD films if the temperature is reduced to 700 °C or even lower. Interestingly, the sp2/sp3 ratio of the NCD films remains low and constant in the temperature range investigated. Rather, the nature of the sp2 grain boundary material undergoes drastic changes if the temperature is lowered below 700 °C. In addition, the films become inhomogeneous on a micrometer (not nanometer) scale. Possible reasons for these observations will be discussed throughout the paper.

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Low-Temperature hydrogenation of diamond nanoparticles using diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure

Kromka

Čech

Kozak

et al. 2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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Due to an extraordinary combination of intrinsic properties of diamond nanoparticles (DNPs), there is an increased demand for their usage in various areas. While a broad range of surface termination is often done by wet‐chemical, UV‐irradiation or plasma treatments, DNPs hydrogenation is still an open issue. Thermal annealing or microwave plasma treatment, both known as high‐temperature processes, do not offer satisfactory solutions for DNPs hydrogenation. Here, we report on a new approach for plasma‐assisted DNPs hydrogenation at temperatures below 100 °C. As‐received detonation DNPs with size about 5 nm were annealed (oxidized) in air at 450 °C for 30 min to reduce non‐diamond carbon content. Then the annealed DNPs were plasma treated using atmospheric‐pressure diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in pure hydrogen at powers densities of 1.8 and 3.1 W/cm2. While infrared spectra of annealed DNPs were dominated by oxygen containing functional groups, plasma‐hydrogenated DNPs revealed increase of bands of CH stretching vibrations in the region of 2800–3000 cm−1 with only 5 min of plasma treatment. Prolonged plasma treatments up to 60 min resulted in the increase of CH stretching vibrations and a decrease of COC groups in the spectral region of 1000–1300 cm−1.

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Characterization of the bonding structure of nanocrystalline diamond and amorphous carbon films prepared by plasma assisted techniques

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Electron Spectra Line Shape Analysis of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite and Nanocrystalline Diamond

Electron Spectra Line Shape Analysis of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite and Nanocrystalline Diamond

Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond films: A comparison

Low-Temperature hydrogenation of diamond nanoparticles using diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure

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