Characterization of the Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) and Analysis of the PR1 Molecular Marker in Vitis vinifera L. Inoculated with the Nematode Xiphinema index

Castorina, Giulia; Grassi, Flaminia; Consonni, Gabriella; Vitalini, Sara; Oberti, R.; Calcante, Aldo; Ferrari, Enrico; Bononi, M.

doi:10.3390/ijms21124485

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…First, they had a direct toxic effect on the PWN, inhibiting its growth and reproduction by disrupting its nervous system or metabolic pathways (Hwang et al, 2021(Hwang et al, , 2022Sá nchez-Martí nez et al, 2021). Second, these substances can act as signaling molecules that induce plants to produce defense enzymes and secondary metabolites that enhance resistance (Castorina et al, 2020;Paul et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2021). The antioxidant effects of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes also alleviate oxidative stress caused by PWN infection (Farhadi et al, 2020;Son et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of pine wilt disease resistance inPinus massoniana

Wang,

Cai,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN)Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, results in significant economic and ecological damage toPinusforests and plantations worldwide.Pinus massonianais the primary host of PWD in southern China, but its response to the PWN remains largely unstudied. Previously, we observed PWD in aP. massoniananursery that contained over 71 commonly used cultivars. Through field phenotyping, we identified two groups of PWN resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars (RC) exhibited very low PWN carrying amounts (PCA) and had relatively low mortality, and tolerant cultivars (TC) had high PCA but low mortality. In this study, we confirmed via PWN inoculation assays that the resistant and tolerant cultivars had lower mortality rates, 10% and 11%, respectively, than other cultivars (which had a mortality rate of 83.3%). The RC had a PCA that was significantly lower than that of other cultivars, while the TC exhibited a higher PCA. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the response ofP. massonianato PWN, the transcriptome and metabolome of the above cultivars were profiled by high throughput sequencing. As no reference genome is available forP. massoniana, we generated a new full-length transcriptome library with iso-seq. Using the transcriptome and metabolome from differentP. massonianacultivars inoculated with PWN, we found three major PWD resistance strategies. 1) The common response strategy involved three important molecular pathways. First, synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abcisic acid (ABA) were suppressed during PWN invasion, thus suppressing the synthesis of polysaccharides (especially myo-inositol and trehalose) and (-)-riboflavin through ABC transporters. Second, by inhibiting aspartic acid, the synthesis of arginine and proline through APS5 (aspartate aminotransferase 5) were suppressed. Third, by reducing cysteine, GERD (germacrene D synthase) was up-regulated, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid metabolites were accumulated to resist PWN invasion. 2) The most effective resistance strategy involved the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhanced jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and highly induced the expression of chitinase, thus improving resistance to PWN. 3) The tolerance strategy involved the induction of phosphatidylcholine, which promoted flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis via LPIN (phosphatidate phosphatase), LOX2S (lipoxygenase), and LOX1_5 (linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase), thus significantly inhibiting the pathogenicity of the PWN but not the PCA. These results illustrate the molecular mechanisms by whichP. massonianacultivars resist or tolerate PWN and are of great significance in the prevention and control of PWD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular basis of pine wilt disease resistance inPinus massoniana

Wang,

Cai,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Nematicidal effects of some aromatic plants enriched with terpenes and their main compounds were also reported in recent studies. The root parasitic nematode Xiphinema index damage by increasing biogenic volatile organic compounds (α-farnesene and α-bergamotene) was proved on Vitis vinifera L. [45]. The nematicidal activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Achillea wilhelmsii, Tanacetum polycephalum and Teucrium polium against M. incognita J2s with β-pinene and α-pinene respectively, at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm were reported [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematicidal and Toxicity Effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Soil Producing Cucumber

Parsiaaref

Cao

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a plant pathogen that causes significant economic damage to important food crops. The nematicidal and insecticidal effects of the essential oil and extract of the root and stem of different species of Eupatorium have been studied in several countries. We investigated the impact of root stems and leaves of the E. adenophorum on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. Nematode mortality decreased by root-stem treatment and increasing temperature and time. Nematodes (J2) were more sensitive to root-stem treatment than leaf treatment at all tested conditions. For example, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) root-stems at 35 °C was estimated as 10.3 mg/g and in the 8th week as 7.8 mg/g, while the maximal effective concentration (ECmax) in leaf treatment is 20.3 and 10.1 mg/g, respectively. The E. adenophorum 40 mg/g concentration of root stems also produced the highest height of the cucumber stem and the highest cucumber fresh weight in the greenhouse. (E)-beta-farnesene, α-pinene and D-limonene, as the main identified components in fumigant plants, increased the mortality rate of J2s in root-stems treatment. We conclude that E. adenophorum dried root stems added to the soil in greenhouses have the potential as a bio-fumigant for M. incognita management.

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“…The composition of these VOCs is often specific and can be diagnostic of the type of stress or pathogen (Sharifi and Ryu, 2018 ). To date, only a few studies of root pathogens, including nematodes, affecting the foliar VOC emissions have been reported (Bezemer and Dam, 2005 ; Hong et al, 2010 ; Lin et al, 2017 ; Castorina et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, given the evidence that root stress influences foliar VOCs, we hypothesize that infestation of soybean roots with SCN results in the release of VOCs from foliar tissue potentially before the appearance of obvious symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Cyst Nematodes Influence Aboveground Plant Volatile Signals Prior to Symptom Development

Constantino

Şennik

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive soybean pests worldwide. Unlike many diseases, SCN doesn't show above ground evidence of disease until several weeks after infestation. Knowledge of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) related to pests and pathogens of foliar tissue is extensive, however, information related to above ground VOCs in response to root damage is lacking. In temporal studies, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of VOCs from the foliar tissues of SCN infested plants yielded 107 VOCs, referred to as Common Plant Volatiles (CPVs), 33 with confirmed identities. Plants showed no significant stunting until 10 days after infestation. Total CPVs increased over time and were significantly higher from SCN infested plants compared to mock infested plants post 7 days after infestation (DAI). Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression ratios (SCN: Mock) across all time points revealed 5 groups, with the largest group containing VOCs elevated in response to SCN infestation. Linear projection of Principal Component Analysis clearly separated SCN infested from mock infested plants at time points 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAI. Elevated Styrene (CPV11), D-Limonene (CPV32), Tetradecane (CPV65), 2,6-Di-T-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one (CPV74), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (CPV76) and suppressed Ethylhexyl benzoate (CPV87) levels, were associated with SCN infestation prior to stunting. Our findings demonstrate that SCN infestation elevates the release of certain VOCs from foliage and that some are evident prior to symptom development. VOCs associated with SCN infestations prior to symptom development may be valuable for innovative diagnostic approaches.

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Characterization of the Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) and Analysis of the PR1 Molecular Marker in Vitis vinifera L. Inoculated with the Nematode Xiphinema index

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

The molecular basis of pine wilt disease resistance inPinus massoniana

The molecular basis of pine wilt disease resistance inPinus massoniana

Nematicidal and Toxicity Effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Soil Producing Cucumber

Soybean Cyst Nematodes Influence Aboveground Plant Volatile Signals Prior to Symptom Development

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