Characterization of terminal impedance and radiation properties of a horizontal VLF antenna over Antarctic ice

Chevalier, Tomas; Inan, U. S.; Bell, T. F.

doi:10.1029/2005rs003298

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This assumption is valid when the ionospheric conductivity is much lower than the ground conductivity. However, propagation over Antarctic ice has been shown to greatly attenuate VLF signals [ Chevalier et al , 2006; Rogers and Peden , 1975]. If we remove the assumption that the ground conductivity is significantly higher than the ionosphere conductivity, S 0 from can be described as in the work of Wait [1960b] by: …”

Section: Station Dependent Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

World coverage for single station lightning detection

Mackay

Fraser–Smith

2011

Radio Science

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[1] This paper analyzes the possibility of using single station measurements of low-frequency electromagnetic waves to locate lightning occurring around much, and possibly all, of the world. The electromagnetic waves generated by lightning, which propagate through the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, are known as sferics. We combine a direction finding algorithm to compute the arrival azimuth of the recorded sferic along with a distance of propagation estimate to deduce the location of the lightning. While the methodology used for estimating the distance of propagation is described by Mackay and Fraser-Smith (2010), this paper analyzes the effectiveness of the method. We examine the limitations including those independent of station location and performance, and those which are station dependent. We analyze the geographic coverage attained from a single station along with the percentage of lightning emitting sferics that are recorded at the station and available for computing the lightning locations.

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Section: Station Dependent Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

World coverage for single station lightning detection

Mackay

Fraser–Smith

2011

Radio Science

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“…The collision frequency profile can be varied along the path in the model, for the results shown here we use a constant profile taken from Ferguson et al [1989]. The model also incorporates the electromagnetic properties of ice [ Raghuram et al , 1974; Chevalier et al , 2006], seawater, and ground where relevant in the region. Owing to computational resource constraints, the VLF path is broken up into segments, as detailed in Figure 6a, with each segment surrounded with a perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition to absorb any outgoing waves [ Chevalier and Inan , 2004].…”

Section: Modeling the Vlf Beacon Signal Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of ionospheric disturbances associated with energetic particle precipitation using the South Pole VLF beacon

et al. 2007

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[1] The Stanford University VLF beacon transmitter located at South Pole operates at 19.4 kHz, transmitting for 1 min intervals every 15 min throughout the day. The beacon serves as a tool to measure changes in the D region ionospheric conductivity owing to energetic particle precipitation and is capable of providing coverage that spans the Antarctic continent. We present VLF beacon signal amplitude and phase data measured at Palmer Station, Antarctica. Diurnal and seasonal variations are discussed first, followed by analysis of data from two periods of high geomagnetic activity, in July 2004 and in May 2005, with a phase advance and an amplitude depression of the beacon signal (as recorded at Palmer) observed for both cases. Data from the MEPED instrument aboard the NOAA-16 and 17 POES satellites show an increase in energetic electron (>100 keV) and proton (>16 MeV) precipitation fluxes coincident with the VLF beacon signal perturbations. The fluxes measured on POES are used as an aide to generate profiles of secondary ionization along the great circle path from South Pole to Palmer. These profiles are then applied to a quantitative model of subionospheric VLF signal propagation to estimate the phase and amplitude variations expected. Results indicate that the observed VLF amplitude and phase data are in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations in both cases, indicating that the model captures the ionospheric disturbance in effect during both of the disturbed periods.

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“…As early as 1970, G.E. Webber and others analyzed the effects of the ice thickness, complex permittivity, and earth conductivity on the amplitude and phase of VLF electromagnetic waves radiated by long horizontal antennas in the near region [9][10]. Subsequently, many scholars had conducted more research on the electromagnetic field generated by the horizontal electric dipole in the layered region, and these findings are well summarized in two works by Wait and King et al [11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radiation Characteristics of VLF Horizontal Wire Antennas over Multi-layered Earth

2022

Proceedings of 2022 the 12th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering

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In this paper, the influence of the earth resistivity characteristics on the radiant field excited by a very low frequency(VLF) horizontal wire antenna is studied, and a 1D isotropic model of the horizontal layered earth is established. Theoretical formulas for the apparent resistivities of the layered ground and the electromagnetic field of antennas are derived for the case of observation points being on both of the site of antennas and far areas. The effects of different earth resistivity and multilayered earth on the radiation performances of the VLF horizontal antenna are simulated and analyzed. From the derivations and analyses, it is pointed out that the VLF horizontal antennas built on a region of high resistivity is conducive to radiant electromagnetic field effectively.

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Characterization of terminal impedance and radiation properties of a horizontal VLF antenna over Antarctic ice

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

World coverage for single station lightning detection

World coverage for single station lightning detection

Remote sensing of ionospheric disturbances associated with energetic particle precipitation using the South Pole VLF beacon

The Radiation Characteristics of VLF Horizontal Wire Antennas over Multi-layered Earth

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