Characterization of tar content in the syngas produced in a downdraft type fixed bed gasification system from dried sewage sludge

Phuphuakrat, Thana; Nipattummakul, Nimit; Namioka, Tomoaki; Kerdsuwan, Somrat; Yoshikawa, Kunio

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.015

Cited by 82 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…From Table 34, the most abundant compounds identified were toluene, styrene, indene, and naphthalene etc. These chemical compounds have also been identified by others from the pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin and biomass samples [43,44].…”

Section: Oil Analysis Using Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 66%

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Wang

Huang

2013

Fuel

163

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Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the main components of biomass. This work presents research into the pyrolysis/gasification of all three main components of biomass, in order to evaluate and compare their hydrogen production and also understand their gasification processes. A fixed bed, two-stage reaction system has been used employing various nickel-based catalysts. Gas concentration (CO, H 2 , CO, CO 2 and CH 4 ) was analysed for the produced non-condensed gases. Oil byproducts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Various techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were applied to characterize the fresh or reacted catalysts. The experimental results show that the lignin sample generates the highest residue fraction (52.0 wt.%) among the three biomass components. When Ni-Zn-Al (1:1) catalyst was used in the gasification process, gas yield was increased from 62.4 to 68.2 wt.% for cellulose, and from 25.2 to 50.0 wt.% for the pyrolysis/gasification of lignin. Hydrogen production was increased from 7.0 to 18.7 (mmol g -1 sample) when the Ni-Zn-Al (1:1) catalyst was introduced in the pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose. Among the investigated catalysts, Ni-Ca-Al (1:1) was found to be the most effective for hydrogen production from cellulose pyrolysis/gasification.

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Section: Oil Analysis Using Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 66%

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Wang

Huang

2013

Fuel

163

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“…Those contaminants cause a significant reduction of the ash fusion temperatures. This influence is especially visible in the value of the temperature of the initial deformation [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Unfortunately, apart from the valuable gas fuel produced, the process results in solid and liquid waste by-products [5][6][7]. The solidification of mineral substances during gasification produces solid products, mostly ash, but also char coal in some cases [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Dried Sewage Sludge and By-Products of Dried Sewage Sludge Gasification

Werle

Dudziak

2014

Energies

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Organic and inorganic contaminants in sewage sludge may cause their presence also in the by-products formed during gasification processes. Thus, this paper presents multidirectional chemical instrumental activation analyses of dried sewage sludge as well as both solid (ash, char coal) and liquid (tar) by-products formed during sewage gasification in a fixed bed reactor which was carried out to assess the extent of that phenomenon. Significant differences were observed in the type of contaminants present in the solid and liquid by-products from the dried sewage sludge gasification. Except for heavy metals, the characteristics of the contaminants in the by-products, irrespective of their form (solid and liquid), were different from those initially determined in the sewage sludge. It has been found that gasification promotes the migration of certain valuable inorganic compounds from sewage sludge into solid by-products which might be recovered. On the other hand, the liquid by-products resulting from sewage sludge gasification require a separate process for their treatment or disposal due to their considerable loading with toxic and hazardous organic compounds (phenols and their derivatives).

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“…Sivakumar et al [33] showed that briquetting sawdust with a cow dung binder could be optimized to increase the thermal efficiency and methane content of the product gas in a downdraft gasifier. Table 2 compares the energy, ash, moisture and volatile matter contents, bulk density, and composition of starch, biosolids and microalgae binders as gathered from literature sources [34,55,56,59,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]76,77].…”

Section: Binders For Fuel Briquette Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

Muazu

Stegemann

2017

Fuel

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Binders can be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy content of densified biomass, such as briquettes. They may also reduce the energy cost of producing such briquettes, by reducing the compaction pressure, conditioning temperature and the wear on production equipment.This study explored and compared the effects of three different binders, including starch, enhanced treated biosolids and microalgae, on density, durability, energy content and combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes produced from blends of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, in a multilevel factorial design experiment.Briquettes had relaxed unit densities of 1.9 to 3.3 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than briquettes from the individual materials, with an average unconfined compressive strength of 125 kPa. An unconfined compressive strength of 175 kPa was achieved for a 2:4:1 blend of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse with the microalgae binder at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the addition of biosolids and microalgae binders significantly improved briquette density, while the addition of starch reduced briquette density, and biosolids reduced briquette strength.Of all the briquettes produced with the three binders, those containing the microalgae binder were found to be most durable, with a higher energy value, slower mass loss during briquette combustion, and a higher afterglow time. Since microalgae may be grown using CO2 from biomass combustion, discovery of their advantages as a binder in briquetting is particularly welcome.

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Characterization of tar content in the syngas produced in a downdraft type fixed bed gasification system from dried sewage sludge

Cited by 82 publications

References 19 publications

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Dried Sewage Sludge and By-Products of Dried Sewage Sludge Gasification

Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting

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