Characterization of tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in South Africa and Zambia and detection of protozoan parasites they are harbouring

Taioe, Moeti O.; Motloang, Makhosazana; Namangala, Boniface; Chota, Amos; Molefe, Nthatisi Innocentia; Musinguzi, Simon Peter; Suganuma, Keisuke; Hayes, Polly; Tsilo, Toi J.; Chainey, John E.; Inoue, Noboru; Thekisoe, Oriel

doi:10.1017/s0031182017000440

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“… Atylotus nigromaculatus is the only species in genus Atylotus described by Oldroyd (1954) whose eyes have no band. The morphological features described in this study are similar to features described by Taioe et al (2017) of specimen collected from South Africa.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphological re-description and molecular identification of Tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa

Mugasa¹,

Villinger²,

Gitau³

et al. 2018

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Biting flies of the family Tabanidae are important vectors of human and animal diseases across continents. However, records of Africa tabanids are fragmentary and mostly cursory. To improve identification, documentation and description of Tabanidae in East Africa, a baseline survey for the identification and description of Tabanidae in three eastern African countries was conducted. Tabanids from various locations in Uganda (Wakiso District), Tanzania (Tarangire National Park) and Kenya (Shimba Hills National Reserve, Muhaka, Nguruman) were collected. In Uganda, octenol baited F-traps were used to target tabanids, while NG2G traps baited with cow urine and acetone were employed in Kenya and Tanzania. The tabanids were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Morphologically, five genera (Ancala, Tabanus, Atylotus, Chrysops and Haematopota) and fourteen species of the Tabanidae were identified. Among the 14 species identified, six belonged to the genus Tabanus of which two (T. donaldsoni and T. guineensis) had not been described before in East Africa. The greatest diversity of tabanid species were collected from the Shimba Hills National Reserve, while collections from Uganda (around the shores of Lake Victoria) had the fewest number of species. However, the Ancala genus was found in Uganda, but not in Kenya or Tanzania. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) genes sequenced in this study show definite concordance with morphological species identifications, except for Atylotus. This survey will be critical to building a complete checklist of Tabanidae prevalent in the region, expanding knowledge of these important vectors of human and animal diseases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphological re-description and molecular identification of Tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa

Mugasa¹,

Villinger²,

Gitau³

et al. 2018

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“…Today, T. evansi is found across Central and South America, North Africa, the Russian territories, the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia ( 23 ). Transmission mainly occurs mechanically through the bite of bloodsucking insects from the family Tabanidae (genus Tabanus ) ( 24 ), Chrysops ( 25 ), Atylotus ( 26 ), and Muscidae (genus Stomoxys and Haematobia ) ( 18 ). It is this mechanical transmission that has allowed the parasite to move beyond the tsetse fly region and out of Africa.…”

Section: Classification Of the Main Pathogenic Salivarian Trypanosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivarian Trypanosomosis: A Review of Parasites Involved, Their Global Distribution and Their Interaction With the Innate and Adaptive Mammalian Host Immune System

et al. 2018

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Salivarian trypanosomes are single cell extracellular parasites that cause infections in a wide range of hosts. Most pathogenic infections worldwide are caused by one of four major species of trypanosomes including (i) Trypanosoma brucei and the human infective subspecies T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense, (ii) Trypanosoma evansi and T. equiperdum, (iii) Trypanosoma congolense and (iv) Trypanosoma vivax. Infections with these parasites are marked by excessive immune dysfunction and immunopathology, both related to prolonged inflammatory host immune responses. Here we review the classification and global distribution of these parasites, highlight the adaptation of human infective trypanosomes that allow them to survive innate defense molecules unique to man, gorilla, and baboon serum and refer to the discovery of sexual reproduction of trypanosomes in the tsetse vector. With respect to the immunology of mammalian host-parasite interactions, the review highlights recent findings with respect to the B cell destruction capacity of trypanosomes and the role of T cells in the governance of infection control. Understanding infection-associated dysfunction and regulation of both these immune compartments is crucial to explain the continued failures of anti-trypanosome vaccine developments as well as the lack of any field-applicable vaccine based anti-trypanosomosis intervention strategy. Finally, the link between infection-associated inflammation and trypanosomosis induced anemia is covered in the context of both livestock and human infections.

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“…In southern Africa, few studies have investigated the occurrence of horsefly‐transmitted parasites, despite the known status of tabanids as vectors of Trypanosoma in the region (Taioe et al . 2017; Mulandane et al . 2018, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Afrotropical region is not particularly rich in species, with ca 800 species recorded from the region (Chainey 2017) of which about 400 occur in southern Africa (Taioe et al . 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of South Africa: assessment of major collections for spatiotemporal analysis

et al. 2020

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Tabanidae, commonly known as horseflies, is a large, cosmopolitan family with approximately 4400 described species, of which about 400 occur in southern Africa. Both sexes feed on nectar or pollen and some species are important pollinators. Females usually require a bloodmeal to produce eggs, implicating them as vectors of disease‐causing agents. Despite their importance, they have been largely neglected by science, especially in the Afrotropics. In this study, we aimed to elucidate some fundamental spatiotemporal aspects of horsefly biology in South Africa by centralising digitised data from the major natural history museums in the region. Approximately 6 000 records have been digitised and collated into a Specify database from an approximate 17 000 specimens housed in 10 museums in the region. The collections from the 10 institutions, including six collections in neighbouring countries are briefly discussed. Spatiotemporal analysis according to biomes (Albany thicket, desert, forests, fynbos, grassland, Indian Ocean belt, Kalahari savannah sub‐biome, Central Bushveld sub‐biome, Lowveld savannah sub‐biome, Nama Karoo and Succulent karoo) revealed baseline information regarding their biology within the biomes. The majority of the records are from north eastern KwaZulu‐Natal, followed by Kruger National Park and areas surrounding Cape Town, indicative of uneven sampling. The database is represented by a total of 195 species of which 83 species were recorded in only one biome, with grassland home to 28% of the biome endemic species. A species list to the region, supplemented by records from previous authors, totals to 203 species occurring in the region. Future studies should aim to digitise the remaining specimens in order to create species pages with brief descriptions, high‐resolution photographs, distribution maps and spatiotemporal patterns available online.

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Characterization of tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in South Africa and Zambia and detection of protozoan parasites they are harbouring

Abstract: This study is the first to report on Babesia and Theileria parasites in tabanid flies.Further investigations are required to determine the role of tabanids in transmission of the detected protozoan parasites in livestock and wildlife in South Africa and Zambia.

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Morphological re-description and molecular identification of Tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa

Morphological re-description and molecular identification of Tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa

Salivarian Trypanosomosis: A Review of Parasites Involved, Their Global Distribution and Their Interaction With the Innate and Adaptive Mammalian Host Immune System

Overview of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of South Africa: assessment of major collections for spatiotemporal analysis

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