“…Instead of typical syringe pumps, a pressure-controlled pump (OB1, Elveflow, Paris, France) was used in this study to deliver both the continuous phase (i.e., oil) and the dispersed phase (i.e., water) at a constant flow. Compared to syringe pumps, pressure-controlled pumps can provide more stable and pulseless flow, handle much larger volume (up to several liters), and make it easier for the systems to be integrated with other microfluidic components as well as to build compact platforms [28]. Deionized water with red color dye and mineral oil (Zhanhong Chemical Industry, Guangzhou, China) mixed with a surfactant (Span-80, 7.5 g/L, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) were used as the dispersed and continuous phase, respectively.…”