Characterization of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes by Capillary Electrophoretic Methods

Engelhardt, H.; Martin, Markus M.

doi:10.1007/b11271

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…CE is a simple analytical separation technique that has found increased potential for the analysis and characterization of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles . Separation of ionic species is based on electrophoretic mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the doping efficiency of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) dispersions by capillary electrophoresis

et al. 2014

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CE can efficiently separate poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS) complexes and free PSS in dispersions and can be used to estimate the degree of PSS doping. We investigated the doping efficiency of PSS on PEDOT in dispersions using CE and its effect on the conductivity of the resulting PEDOT/PSS films. Results of this study indicate that dispersions containing 1:2.5-3 EDOT:PSS feed ratio (by weight) exhibiting 72-73% PSS doping generate highly processable and highly conductive films. Conductivity can be optimized by limiting the time of reaction to 12 h. At this point of the reaction, the PEDOT/PSS segments, appearing as broad band in the electropherogram, could still exist in an extended coil conformation favoring charge transport resulting in high conductivity. Above a threshold PEDOT length formed at reaction times longer than 12 h, the PEDOT/PSS complex, appearing as spikes in the electropherogram, most likely have undergone a conformational change to coiled core-shell structure restricting charge transport resulting in low conductivity. The optimal conductivity (5.2 S/cm) of films from dispersions synthesized for 12 h is significantly higher than those from its commercial equivalent Clevios P and other reported values obtained under similar conditions without the addition of codopants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the doping efficiency of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) dispersions by capillary electrophoresis

et al. 2014

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“…Capillary electrophoresis is widely applied to a few biopolymers, DNA and proteins, but not to other biopolymers or synthetic polymers. Capillary gel electrophoresis has been explored for polymer separations leading to a similar type of separation than SEC, [32] but facing a number of its limitations as well such as the varying accuracy of apparent molar masses, [33] the influence of branching on a separation by size and not be molar mass, etc. Free-solution capillary electrophoresis has been little applied to polymer separations but with success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of poly(acrylic acid) salts according to topology using capillary electrophoresis in the critical conditions

et al. 2013

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Branching was detected in polyacrylates synthesised through radical polymerization via solution-state NMR, while inconsistencies have been reported for the determination of the molar mass of hydrophilic polyacrylates using aqueous-phase and organic-phase size-exclusion chromatography. In this work, poly(sodium acrylate)s, PNaAs, of various topologies were separated for the first time using free-solution capillary electrophoresis (CE). Free-solution CE does not separate the PNaAs by their molar mass, similarly to separations by liquid chromatography in the critical conditions, rather by different topologies (linear, star branched, and hyperbranched). The electrophoretic mobility of PNaAs increases as the degree of branching decreases. Separation is shown to be not only by the topology but also by the end groups as expected for a separation in the critical conditions: replacing a relatively bulky nitroxide end group with hydrogen atom yielded a higher electrophoretic mobility. This novel method, capillary electrophoresis in the critical conditions enabled, for the first time, the separation of hydrophilic polyacrylates according to their topology (branching) and their chain ends. This will allow meaningful and accurate characterization of their branched topologies as well as molar masses and progress in for advanced applications such as drug delivery or flocculation.

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“…Other chromatographic techniques such as interaction chromatography or chromatography at the critical point of adsorption can be useful as well [2]. More recently, attention was focused on capillary electrophoresis (CE) because of its success in the analysis of biopolymers (DNA, proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides), as well as charged synthetic polymers [3,4,5,6,7]. Different modes of CE, including free-solution CE, CE in entangled polymer solutions or gels, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, were implemented for synthetic polymer analysis, depending on the polymer characteristics (end-charged, evenly charged, or uncharged polymers) and the characteristics of the polymer distribution (distributions of size, functionality, or chemical composition) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Characterization of Highly Charged Polyelectrolytes Using Free-Solution Capillary Electrophoresis

2018

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The characterization of statistical copolymers of various charge densities remains an important and challenging analytical issue. Indeed, the polyelectrolyte (PE) effective electrophoretic mobility tends to level off above a certain charge density, due to the occurrence of Manning counterion condensation. Surprisingly, we demonstrate in this work that it is possible to get highly resolutive separations of charged PE using free-solution capillary electrophoresis, even above the critical value predicted by the Manning counterion condensation theory. Full separation of nine statistical poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) polymers of different charge densities varying between 3% and 100% was obtained by adjusting the ionic strength of the background electrolyte (BGE) in counter electroosmotic mode. Distributions of the chemical charge density could be obtained for the nine PE samples, showing a strong asymmetry of the distribution for the highest-charged PE. This asymmetry can be explained by the different reactivity ratios during the copolymerization. To shed more light on the separation mechanism, effective and apparent selectivities were determined by a systematic study and modeling of the electrophoretic mobility dependence according to the ionic strength. It is demonstrated that the increase in resolution with increasing BGE ionic strength is not only due to a closer matching of the electroosmotic flow magnitude with the PE electrophoretic effective mobility, but also to an increase of the dependence of the PE effective mobility according to the charge density.

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Characterization of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes by Capillary Electrophoretic Methods

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation of the doping efficiency of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) dispersions by capillary electrophoresis

Investigation of the doping efficiency of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) dispersions by capillary electrophoresis

Separation of poly(acrylic acid) salts according to topology using capillary electrophoresis in the critical conditions

Separation and Characterization of Highly Charged Polyelectrolytes Using Free-Solution Capillary Electrophoresis

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