Characterization of sports by the Vo<sub>2</sub> dynamics of athletes in response to sinusoidal work load

Fukuoka, Yoshiyuki; Gwon, Osung; Sone, Ryoko; Ikegami, Haruo

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09842.x

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our results extend earlier reports that the speed of the fundamental component _ V O 2 kinetics is inversely related to aerobic fitness (Cerretelli et al 1979;Powers et al 1985) and that sprint and power-trained athletes have slower _ V O 2 kinetics than endurance-trained athletes (sinusoidal exercise, Fukuoka et al 1995Fukuoka et al , 1997PRBS, Edwards et al 1999 estimates. These results therefore suggest that a subject's propensity for aerobic or anaerobic exercise has the potential to differentially influence the fundamental and slow components of the _ V O 2 kinetics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar results have been reported by other groups (Eßfeld et al 1987;Fukuoka et al 1995Fukuoka et al , 1997Edwards et al 2003). That _ V O 2 kinetics might discriminate between athletes with different specialist events is also suggested by the results of Kilding et al (2006).…”

Section: Phase II Time Constantsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This is similar to that reported by Kilding et al (2005) for endurance runners tested on a motorized treadmill (~59 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ), but somewhat lower than that reported by Koppo et al (2004a) for elite cyclists performing cycle ergometer exercise (~67 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ). The SPT athletes had relative _ V O 2 peak values of approximately 47 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 , slightly higher than those previously reported for age-matched subjects who were not specifically trained (i.e., 41-45 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ; Jones and Carter 2004;Koppo et al 2004a), but somewhat lower than those reported previously by Fukuoka et al (1995) for American football players (53 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ) and by Granier et al (1995) for track sprint runners (52 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ). The % _ V O 2 peak at the estimated LT was lower in both our SPT and ENT athletes than has been reported in earlier studies (Schneider et al 1990;Fukuoka et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

“…The SPT athletes had relative _ V O 2 peak values of approximately 47 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 , slightly higher than those previously reported for age-matched subjects who were not specifically trained (i.e., 41-45 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ; Jones and Carter 2004;Koppo et al 2004a), but somewhat lower than those reported previously by Fukuoka et al (1995) for American football players (53 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ) and by Granier et al (1995) for track sprint runners (52 mLÁkg -1 Ámin -1 ). The % _ V O 2 peak at the estimated LT was lower in both our SPT and ENT athletes than has been reported in earlier studies (Schneider et al 1990;Fukuoka et al 1995). The cause of these differences is not clear, but they might be related to differences in the protocols and procedures used for the measurement of _ V O 2 peak or estimation of LT, or to differences in the relative training status of the subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

“…One population that has not been well studied to date is that of sprint or power-trained athletes. To our knowledge, _ V O 2 kinetics in sprint and power-trained athletes has only been reported in a limited number of studies using sinusoidal (Fukuoka et al 1995(Fukuoka et al , 1997 or pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS; Edwards et al 1999Edwards et al , 2003 work-rate forcing functions. This lack of information on the _ V O 2 kinetics of sprint and power-trained athletes, particularly in response to ''step'' exercise, is perhaps surprising given that these athletes would be expected to have distinctive muscle metabolic properties (relative both to the general population and to endurancetrained athletes), including a higher proportion of type II fibres in the relevant muscles, a greater muscle phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]), greater anaerobic enzyme activities, and perhaps a reduced muscle capillary density (Costill et al 1976;Bergh et al 1978;Abernethy et al 1990;Bouchard et al 1992;Ross and Leveritt 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

Berger

Jones

2007

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Pulmonary O 2 uptake kinetics during ''step'' exercise have not been characterized in young, sprint-trained (SPT), athletes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that SPT athletes would have (i) slower phase II kinetics and (ii) a greater oxygen uptake ''slow component'' when compared with endurance-trained (ENT) athletes. Eight sub-elite SPT athletes (mean ( ± SD) age = 25 (±7) y; mass = 80.3 (±7.3) kg) and 8 sub-elite ENT athletes (age= 28 (±4) y; mass = 73.2 (±5.1) kg) completed a ramp incremental cycle ergometer test, a Wingate 30 s anaerobic sprint test, and repeat ''step'' transitions in work rate from 20 W to moderate-and severe-intensity cycle exercise, during which pulmonary oxygen uptake was measured breath by breath. The phase II oxygen uptake kinetics were significantly slower in the SPT athletes both for moderate (time constant, ; SPT 32 (±4) s vs. ENT 17 (±3) s; p < 0.01) and severe (SPT 32 (±12) s vs. ENT 20 (±6) s; p < 0.05) exercise. The amplitude of the slow component (derived by exponential modelling) was not significantly different between the groups (SPT 0.55 (±0.12) LÁmin -1 vs. ENT 0.50 (±0.22) LÁmin -1 ), but the increase in oxygen uptake between 3 and 6 min of severe exercise was greater in the SPT athletes (SPT 0.37 (±0.08) LÁmin -1 vs. ENT 0.20 (±0.09) LÁmin -1 ; p < 0.01). The phase II was significantly correlated with indices of aerobic exercise performance (e.g., peak oxygen uptake (moderate-intensity r = -0.88, p < 0.01; severe intensity r = -0.62; p < 0.05), whereas the relative amplitude of the oxygen uptake slow component was significantly correlated with indices of anaerobic exercise performance (e.g., Wingate peak power output; r = 0.77; p < 0.01). Thus, it could be concluded that sub-elite SPT athletes have slower phase II oxygen uptake kinetics and a larger oxygen uptake slow component compared with sub-elite ENT athletes. It appears that indices of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance differentially influence the fundamental and slow components of the oxygen uptake kinetics.Key words: fitness, aerobic, anaerobic, oxygen uptake kinetics, slow component, exercise.Résumé : La cinétique de la consommation d'oxygène n'a pas encore fait l'objet d'étude chez de jeunes athlètes entraînés au sprint (SPT). La présente étude se propose donc de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle les athlètes SPT passent par une phase II plus lente en ce qui concerne la cinétique de la consommation d'oxygène et que son ampleur dépasse celle des individus entraînés à l'endurance (ENT). Huit sujets SPT presque rendus au niveau élite (moyenne (± é-t) âge 25 (± 7) ans; masse 80,3 (±7,3) kg) et 8 sujets ENT (âge 28 (± 4) ans; masse 73,2 (± 5,1) kg) également presque rendus au niveau élite participent à un test d'effort progressif sur ergocycle, soit l'épreuve de Wingate d'une durée de 30 s et à une séance répé-tée de transition brusque de palier depuis une intensité de travail égale à 20 W jusqu'à une intensité de travail modéré et très intense ; durant ces exerc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Phase II Time Constantsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

Berger

Jones

2007

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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A comparison of two time-domain analysis procedures in the determination of V˙O2 kinetics by pseudorandom binary sequence exercise testing

2003

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The purpose of this study was to apply and compare two time-domain analysis procedures in the determination of oxygen uptake (.VO(2)) kinetics in response to a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) exercise test. PRBS exercise tests have typically been analysed in the frequency domain. However, the complex interpretation of frequency responses may have limited the application of this procedure in both sporting and clinical contexts, where a single time measurement would facilitate subject comparison. The relative potential of both a mean response time (MRT) and a peak cross-correlation time (PCCT) was investigated. This study was divided into two parts: a test-retest reliability study (part A), in which 10 healthy male subjects completed two identical PRBS exercise tests, and a comparison of the .VO(2) kinetics of 12 elite endurance runners (ER) and 12 elite sprinters (SR; part B). In part A, 95% limits of agreement were calculated for comparison between MRT and PCCT. The results of part A showed no significant difference between test and retest as assessed by MRT [mean (SD) 42.2 (4.2) s and 43.8 (6.9) s] or by PCCT [21.8 (3.7) s and 22.7 (4.5) s]. Measurement error (%) was lower for MRT in comparison with PCCT (16% and 25%, respectively). In part B of the study, the .VO(2) kinetics of ER were significantly faster than those of SR, as assessed by MRT [33.4 (3.4) s and 39.9 (7.1) s, respectively; P<0.01] and PCCT [20.9 (3.8) s and 24.8 (4.5) s; P<0.05]. It is possible that either analysis procedure could provide a single test measurement of .VO(2) kinetics; however, the greater reliability of the MRT data suggests that this method has more potential for development in the assessment of .VO(2) kinetics by PRBS exercise testing.

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Energetics of sinusoidal exercise below and across critical power and the effects of fatigue

Borrelli,

Shokohyar,

Rampichini

et al. 2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose Previous studies investigating sinusoidal exercise were not devoted to an analysis of its energetics and of the effects of fatigue. We aimed to determine the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic lactic metabolism to the energy balance and investigate the fatigue effects on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to sinusoidal protocols, across and below critical power (CP). Methods Eight males (26.6 ± 6.2 years; 75.6 ± 8.7 kg; maximum oxygen uptake 52.8 ± 7.9 ml·min−1·kg−1; CP 218 ± 13 W) underwent exhausting sinusoidal cycloergometric exercises, with sinusoid midpoint (MP) at CP (CPex) and 50 W below CP (CP-50ex). Sinusoid amplitude (AMP) and period were 50 W and 4 min, respectively. MP, AMP, and time-delay (tD) between mechanical and metabolic signals of expiratory ventilation ($${\dot{V}}_{E}$$ V ˙ E ), oxygen uptake ($${\dot{V}}_{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 ), and heart rate ($${f}_{H}$$ f H ) were assessed sinusoid-by-sinusoid. Blood lactate ([La−]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined at each sinusoid. Results $${\dot{V}}_{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 AMP was 304 ± 11 and 488 ± 36 ml·min−1 in CPex and CP-50ex, respectively. Asymmetries between rising and declining sinusoid phases occurred in CPex (36.1 ± 7.7 vs. 41.4 ± 9.7 s for $${\dot{V}}_{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 tD up and tD down, respectively; P < 0.01), with unchanged tDs. $${\dot{V}}_{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 MP and RPE increased progressively during CPex. [La−] increased by 2.1 mM in CPex but remained stable during CP-50ex. Anaerobic contribution was larger in CPex than CP-50ex. Conclusion The lower aerobic component during CPex than CP-50ex associated with lactate accumulation explained lower $${\dot{V}}_{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 AMP in CPex. The asymmetries in CPex suggest progressive decline of muscle phosphocreatine concentration, leading to fatigue, as witnessed by RPE.

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Characterization of sports by the Vo₂ dynamics of athletes in response to sinusoidal work load

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

A comparison of two time-domain analysis procedures in the determination of V˙O2 kinetics by pseudorandom binary sequence exercise testing

Energetics of sinusoidal exercise below and across critical power and the effects of fatigue

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Characterization of sports by the Vo2 dynamics of athletes in response to sinusoidal work load

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Pulmonary O2 uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

Pulmonary O2 uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

A comparison of two time-domain analysis procedures in the determination of V˙O2 kinetics by pseudorandom binary sequence exercise testing

Energetics of sinusoidal exercise below and across critical power and the effects of fatigue

Contact Info

Product

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Characterization of sports by the Vo₂ dynamics of athletes in response to sinusoidal work load

Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes

Pulmonary O₂ uptake on-kinetics in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes