Characterization of Spermidine Transport System in a Cyanobacterium,Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Raksajit, Wuttinun; Yodsang, Panutda; Mäenpää, Pekka H.; Incharoensakdi, Aran

doi:10.4014/jmb.0809.555

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Polyamines are a group of nitrogen (amine) containing compounds that received recently considerable attention owing to its possible role in abiotic stress resistance [ 48 ]. Studies on polyamine transport in cyanobacteria have been scarce, but the implication of polyamine transport to protect Synechosystis against salt stress has been reported [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

et al. 2015

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The edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira is resistant to ionising radiation. The cellular mechanisms underlying this radiation resistance are, however, still largely unknown. Therefore, additional molecular analysis was performed to investigate how these cells can escape from, protect against, or repair the radiation damage. Arthrospira cells were shortly exposed to different doses of 60Co gamma rays and the dynamic response was investigated by monitoring its gene expression and cell physiology at different time points after irradiation. The results revealed a fast switch from an active growth state to a kind of 'survival modus' during which the cells put photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation on hold and activate pathways for cellular protection, detoxification, and repair. The higher the radiation dose, the more pronounced this global emergency response is expressed. Genes repressed during early response, suggested a reduction of photosystem II and I activity and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycles, combined with an activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). For reactive oxygen species detoxification and restoration of the redox balance in Arthrospira cells, the results suggested a powerful contribution of the antioxidant molecule glutathione. The repair mechanisms of Arthrospira cells that were immediately switched on, involve mainly proteases for damaged protein removal, single strand DNA repair and restriction modification systems, while recA was not induced. Additionally, the exposed cells showed significant increased expression of arh genes, coding for a novel group of protein of unknown function, also seen in our previous irradiation studies. This observation confirms our hypothesis that arh genes are key elements in radiation resistance of Arthrospira, requiring further investigation. This study provides new insights into phasic response and the cellular pathways involved in the radiation resistance of microbial cells, in particularly for photosynthetic organisms as the cyanobacterium Arthrospira.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

et al. 2015

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“…An exogenous addition of spermidine enhanced the cell growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl [44]. As shown in Figure 2, spermidine concentrations increased to 2.0 and 13.8 µmol g −1 DW at 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaCl after 1 h. The spermidine concentration remained high at 1 M NaCl (above 10 µmol g −1 DW) but decreased gradually at 0.5 M NaCl (Figure 2).…”

Section: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Urea Cycle and Polyamine Synthesismentioning

confidence: 81%

Short-Term Temporal Metabolic Behavior in Halophilic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002 after Salt Shock

et al. 2019

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In response to salt stress, cyanobacteria increases the gene expression of Na+/H+ antiporter and K+ uptake system proteins and subsequently accumulate compatible solutes. However, alterations in the concentrations of metabolic intermediates functionally related to the early stage of the salt stress response have not been investigated. The halophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was subjected to salt shock with 0.5 and 1 M NaCl, then we performed metabolomics analysis by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after cultivation for 1, 3, 10, and 24 h. Gene expression profiling using a microarray after 1 h of salt shock was also conducted. We observed suppression of the Calvin cycle and activation of glycolysis at both NaCl concentrations. However, there were several differences in the metabolic changes after salt shock following exposure to 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl: (i): the main compatible solute, glucosylglycerol, accumulated quickly at 0.5 M NaCl after 1 h but increased gradually for 10 h at 1 M NaCl; (ii) the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were activated at 0.5 M NaCl; and (iii) the multi-functional compound spermidine greatly accumulated at 1 M NaCl. Our results show that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 acclimated to different levels of salt through a salt stress response involving the activation of different metabolic pathways.

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“…It has been reported that Synechocystis 6803 can take up spermidine (31). We tested the effect of exogenous spermidine on the RACLT of sll0873::Km r .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homospermidine synthase is not found, but deoxyhypusine synthase may transform putrescine into homospermidine, in certain groups of cyanobacteria (28). Like other bacteria, cyanobacteria can take up polyamines from the environment (29)(30)(31)(32) and may secrete polyamines (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Spermidine in Overwintering of Cyanobacteria

Zhu

Yin

et al. 2015

J Bacteriol

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Polyamines are found in all groups of cyanobacteria, but their role in environmental adaptation has been barely investigated. In Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, inactivation of spermidine synthesis genes significantly reduced the survivability under chill (5°C)-light stress, and the survivability could be restored by addition of spermidine. To analyze the effects of spermidine on gene expression at 5°C, lacZ was expressed from the promoter of carboxy(nor)spermidine decarboxylase gene (CASDC) in Synechocystis. Synechocystis 6803::P CASDC -lacZ pretreated at 15°C showed a high level of LacZ activity for a long period of time at 5°C; without the pretreatment or with protein synthesis inhibited at 5°C, the enzyme activity gradually decreased. In a spermidine-minus mutant harboring P CASDC -lacZ, lacZ showed an expression pattern as if protein synthesis were inhibited at 5°C, even though the stability of its mRNA increased. Four other genes, including rpoA that encodes the ␣ subunit of RNA polymerase, showed similar expression patterns. The chill-light stress led to a rapid increase of protein carbonylation in Synechocystis. The protein carbonylation then quickly returned to the background level in the wild type but continued to slowly increase in the spermidine-minus mutant. Our results indicate that spermidine promotes gene expression and replacement of damaged proteins in cyanobacteria under the chill-light stress in winter. IMPORTANCEOutbreak of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater lakes is a worldwide environmental problem. In the annual cycle of bloomforming cyanobacteria, overwintering is the least understood stage. Survival of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 under longterm chill (5°C)-light stress has been established as a model for molecular studies on overwintering of cyanobacteria. Here, we show that spermidine, the most common polyamine in cyanobacteria, promotes the survivability of Synechocystis under longterm chill-light stress and that the physiological function is based on its effects on gene expression and recovery from protein damage. This is the first report on the role of polyamines in survival of overwintering cyanobacteria. We also analyzed spermidine synthesis pathways in cyanobacteria on the basis of bioinformatic and experimental data.

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Characterization of Spermidine Transport System in a Cyanobacterium,Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

Short-Term Temporal Metabolic Behavior in Halophilic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC 7002 after Salt Shock

Role of Spermidine in Overwintering of Cyanobacteria

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