Characterization of Some Polyacrylonitrile-Based Electrolytes

Choe, H.S.; Carroll, Bobby; Pasquariello, D. M.; Abraham, K. M.

doi:10.1021/cm9604120

Cited by 154 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…A viscous solution of ENR rubber was formed after continuous stirring overnight. Then, lithium triflate and different concentrations of PEO (RMM 4x10 6 ) were added to the solution. The samples ENR-25/PEO/LiCF 3 SO 3 , ENR-50/PEO/LiCF 3 SO 3 ENR-25/PEO/EC:PC/LiCF 3 SO 3 and ENR-50/PEO/EC:PC/LiCF 3 SO 3 were made with lithium salt contents expressed in terms of O:Li ratio being 5:1, 12:1, 24:1 and 32:1 respectively.…”

Section: 1sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• thermoplastic polymer hosts such as polyacrylonitrile [6][7][8], poly(ethylene oxide) [9], poly(methyl methacrylate) [10,11], poly(vinylchloride) [12], polyurethane [13] and polyvinylidene fluoride [14,15] • network polymer hosts prepared by crosslinking of acrylate or methacrylate monomers having low molecular weight [16] • mixtures of the polymer hosts mentioned above [17] The main drawback of these systems is their dimensional instability with high plasticiser concentrations, i.e. in the 'gel' state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Electrolytes Based on Modified Natural Rubber

et al. 2000

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Modified natural rubber polymer hosts having low transition glass temperatures have been investigated for use in polymer electrolytes. Two types of modified natural rubber, namely 25% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-25) and 50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) were employed in conjunction with poly(ethylene oxide), PEO. Results are reported for ionic conductivity and thermal properties for both unplasticized and plasticized polymer electrolyte systems with lithium triflate. The samples were in the form of free standing films with the thickness 0.2-0.5 mm and mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) were used as plasticizers. Unplasticized modified natural rubber-based systems exhibit ionic conductivities in the range 10−6 to 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperatures. Incorporating 100% of EC/PC by weight fraction of polymer (ENR/PEO) to the systems yielded mechanically stable films and ionic conductivities in the range of 10−4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature.

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Section: 1sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Electrolytes Based on Modified Natural Rubber

et al. 2000

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“…1,2 The theoretical specific energy of the Li-air battery is surpassed only by a battery based on the Li/F 2 couple. 3 However, F 2, because of its high reactivity, is an impractical electrode material to construct batteries for powering consumer products such as cellphones, laptop computers, tablets, digital cameras, and electric vehicles. This leaves Li-air as the candidate of choice for an ultra-high energy density, low cost (air is free) rechargeable lithium battery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The gel-polymer electrolyte in our first cells was based on either a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 3 or a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) polymer 4 host. The discharge/charge voltage versus capacity curves of such a Li-air battery we demonstrated in 1996 are depicted in Figure 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrolyte-Directed Reactions of the Oxygen Electrode in Lithium-Air Batteries

Abraham

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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125

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Non-aqueous electrolytes play a prominent role in the redox reactions of the oxygen electrode in the non-aqueous Li-air battery. In all electrolytes the initial O 2 reduction reaction (ORR) product is superoxide, O 2 − , whose stability is determined by the Lewis acidity of the ion-pairing cations present in the medium as governed by the Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) theory. Our results suggest that depending on the basicity of the solvent as measured by its Donor Number (DN), the superoxide will be stabilized to varying lengths of time before transforming to O 2 2− via a chemical or an electrochemical reaction. Organic solvents decrease the Lewis acidity of Li + through the formation of solvates, Li + (solvent) n . As a result, high DN solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which decrease Li + acidity more than low DN solvents, provide longer life-time for the soft base O 2 − by forming the ion pair, Li + (DMSO) n -O 2 − . In low DN solvents such as 1, 2-dimethoxy ethane (DME) and tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), the LiO 2 rapidly decomposes to the peroxide, Li 2 O 2 . As the ionic bond strength between the O 2 reduction product and the conducting salt cation becomes stronger, its rechargeability becomes poorer. Solvent electron donor property affects ORR catalysis also. There is intense world-wide research and development of a rechargeable lithium battery based on the Li/O 2 chemical couple, popularly known as the Li-air battery, encouraged by its very high theoretical specific energy (5200 Wh/kg) and low cost of the materials from which it can be fabricated.1,2 The theoretical specific energy of the Li-air battery is surpassed only by a battery based on the Li/F 2 couple.3 However, F 2, because of its high reactivity, is an impractical electrode material to construct batteries for powering consumer products such as cellphones, laptop computers, tablets, digital cameras, and electric vehicles. This leaves Li-air as the candidate of choice for an ultra-high energy density, low cost (air is free) rechargeable lithium battery. The Li-air battery is environmentally friendly as nontoxic electrolytes and other materials, besides Li and O 2, needed for fabricating it can be formulated. It is a safe battery despite having a Li metal anode because the cathode active material is not stored inside the battery cell.The Li-air battery is one of many metal-air batteries that could conceivably be fabricated (Table I).Among the various metal-O 2 couples, the Li-air is the most attractive battery since the cell discharge reaction involving metallic Li and oxygen to yield Li 2 O, according to the reaction 4Li + O 2 → 2Li 2 O, has an open circuit voltage of 2.91 V and a theoretical specific energy of 5200 Wh/kg (Table I). In practice, oxygen does not have to be stored in the battery which makes the theoretical specific energy excluding oxygen to be 11140 Wh/kg when the battery is initially fabricated. The battery weight will increase and its specific energy will decrease as it is discharged due to the accumulation ...

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“…In this chapter, we describe the fabrication of a novel modified polyethylene (PE) membrane by coating the plasma-induced acrylonitrile (PiAN) onto the surface of PE membrane using plasma technology in order to create high-performance separator membranes for practical applications in rechargeable lithium-ion polymer batteries. An acrylonitrile was chosen as a polymeric coating material for the surface of PE membranes because of its chemical stability and ability to be easily wetted by the electrolyte solution for use in the lithium-ion polymer batteries (Choe et al, 1997;Akashi et al, 1998). Attempts to coat the PiAN on the surface of a porous PE membrane and to fabricate the plasma-induced AN coated membrane (PiAN-PE) have not been previously investigated, and the study on the characterization of PiAN-PE membranes have not yet been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-Modified Polyethylene Separator Membrane for Lithium-ion Polymer Battery

Kim¹,

Lim²

2010

Lithium-Ion Batteries

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This chapter describes the fabrication of a novel modified polyethylene (PE) membrane using plasma technology to create high-performance separator membrane for practical applications in rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery. The surface of PE membrane as a separator for lithium-ion polymer battery was modified with acrylonitrile via plasmainduced coating technique. The plasma-induced acrylonitrile coated PE (PiAN-PE) membrane was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion polymer cell assembly fabricated with PiAN-PE membranes was also analyzed. The surface characterization demonstrates that the enhanced adhesion of PiAN-PE membrane resulted from the increased polar component of surface energy. The presence of PiAN induced onto the surface of PE membrane via plasma modification process plays a critical role in improving the wettability and electrolyte retention, the interfacial adhesion between the electrodes and the separator, and the cycle performance of the resulting lithium-ion polymer cell assembly. This plasma-modified PE membrane holds a great potential to be a promising polymer membrane as a high-performance and cost-effective separator for lithium-ion polymer battery. This chapter also suggests that the performance of lithium-ion polymer battery can be greatly enhanced by the plasma modification of commercial separators with proper functional materials for targeted application.

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Characterization of Some Polyacrylonitrile-Based Electrolytes

Cited by 154 publications

References 5 publications

Polymer Electrolytes Based on Modified Natural Rubber

Polymer Electrolytes Based on Modified Natural Rubber

Electrolyte-Directed Reactions of the Oxygen Electrode in Lithium-Air Batteries

Plasma-Modified Polyethylene Separator Membrane for Lithium-ion Polymer Battery

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