Characterization of some clays from Nigeria for their use in drilling mud

Aghamelu, O. P.; Okogbue, C. O.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.08.025

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The mineral composition of the shale sample obtained from XRF analysis is tabulated in Table 2, which shows that the sample consists mainly of 41.26% silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and 22.73% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), indicating the presence of smectite and illite, where the smectite has higher tendency to swelling when in contact with water (Aghamelu and Okogbue 2015). Figure 4 shows the obtained results from the XRD analysis along with the list of phases within the sample, which indicates the nature and identification of the individual phases within the shale sample.…”

Section: Shale Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation to assess the effectiveness of inhibitive nano-water-based drilling fluids for Zubair shale formation

Alsaba

Marshad

Abbas³

et al. 2019

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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While drilling through shale formations, shale hydration, including shale swelling and dispersion, is frequently reported as the main wellbore instability problems, particularly when conventional drilling fluids (water-based) are used. These problems have many adverse effects on the drilling operations resulting in non-productive time. Nanoparticles have been recently introduced as a unique alternative to improve the performance of water-based drilling fluids for shale applications. This paper presents an experimental evaluation to investigate the effectiveness of an inhibitive nano-water-based drilling fluid in reducing the swelling of Zubair shale formation. Well-preserved core samples, which were retrieved from Zubair formation, were characterized using X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluoresces to quantify the amount of the swelling minerals. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the existence of microfractures within the samples. Three different nano-based drilling fluids containing titanium dioxide (TiO 2), copper oxide (CuO), and magnesium oxide (MgO) at two different concentrations (0.5% and 1.5% by vol) were evaluated through a set of tests to assess the shale reactivity in the presence of these nano-based fluids. In addition, the effect of these nanoparticles on the rheological and filtration properties was studied. The results showed that the shale samples contain 41.26% silicon dioxide (SiO 2) and 22.73% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), indicating the presence of smectite and illite. Based on the reactivity tests, fluids containing CuO at 1.5% by vol outperformed the other fluids in terms of reducing the reactivity, where the expansion rate was reduced by 82.7% compared to the reference sample submerged in fresh water. In addition, the addition of nanoparticles resulted in reducing the plastic viscosity, increasing both the yield point and gel strength, and reducing the fluid loss under low-pressure low-temperature conditions.

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Section: Shale Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation to assess the effectiveness of inhibitive nano-water-based drilling fluids for Zubair shale formation

Alsaba

Marshad

Abbas³

et al. 2019

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…This function of drilling fluid is tied to the rheological behavior of the fluid. Water-based drilling fluid is one of the most commonly used types, and it comprises a mixture of water, bentonite clay and additive (Aghamelu and Okogbue 2015 ; Baba Hamed and Belhadri 2009 ; Darley and George 1988 ; Jain and Mahto 2015 ; Mahto and Sharma 2004 ; Meng et al 2012 ; Salawudeen et al 2016 ; Wilfred and Akinade 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological impact and economic implications of partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations in Nigeria

Ogolo

Arinkoola

Osisanya

et al. 2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In less than a decade, there have been two global meltdowns of crude oil price and the latest was caused by the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020. This is expected to have a negative impact on the global economy, especially on those countries that depend more on the revenue from sales of crude oil. One of the measures that can be taken to survive this kind of situation in the future is to reduce the unit technical cost for producing a barrel of oil by using locally available materials. This research investigated a local clay sourced from Ropp in Plateau State, Nigeria, by considering its rheological characteristics and economic implications of using it for partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations. The local clay was termed as Ropp bentonite clay (RBC). Various spud mud samples were prepared by dispersing a mixture of imported bentonite clay (IBC) and RBC (0–100%) in 350 ml of water. Certain quantity (0–1 g) of polyacrylamide cellulose was added to the mud samples before rheological and physical properties were determined using the standard API procedure. An economic model was built to determine the cost implications of using any of the mud formulations at different consumption rates. The results show that IBC–RBC blend in the right proportion could save Nigeria 12 to 36% of the cost of bentonite clay used to drill wells in the country.

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“…The raw materials for the development of drilling mud are also abundant in Nigeria, the bentonite deposits were estimated to be about 700 million tonnes located in the north-eastern Nigeria (Ahmed et al, 2012). However, the bentonites are still being imported into the country and it is expensive (Aghamelu and Okogbue, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving rheological properties of Gambe clay for drilling fluid application using fermentable polymers

Ibrahim¹,

Momoh²,

Isa³

2019

Nig. J. Technol. Dev.

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There are abundant bentonitic clay deposits in Nigeria. However, it does not meet commercial standard for drilling mud formulation, because it is composed of calcium montmorillonite. Therefore, there is need for the clay to be enhanced and polymers have been identified as enhancement agents. The work was aimed at improving the rheological properties of Gambe clay for drilling fluid formulation using the fermentable polymers (xanthan gum, locust bean gum and tamarind seed gum). The clay was obtained from Gambe town in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The clay was beneficiated for quartz removal and chemical beneficiated with 6 wt% of Na2CO3. The mineral composition and the cation exchange capacity of the clay was determined using X-ray diffraction analysis and ammonium acetate saturation method, respectively to find out its quality for drilling mud formulation. Drilling mud was formulated by mixing of 22.5 g of the clay to 350 ml of water with a high speed mixer to obtain a homogenous mixture. The polymer enhancers were also added to the mixture. The effect of the fermentable polymer at different concentration on the rheological properties of the formulated drilling fluid was investigated employing FANN 35SA viscometer. It was found that 0.93 wt% of the tamarind seed gum, locust bean gum and xanthan gum in the formulated drilling fluid enhanced the yield point from 0.72 Pa to 7.2 Pa, 12.48 Pa and 16.36 Pa, and the gel strength from 0 Pa to 8.35 Pa, 10.44 Pa and 68.92 Pa of the formulated mud respectively. The mud enhanced with 0.80 wt% of the enhancers had high rheological properties than imported clay.

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Characterization of some clays from Nigeria for their use in drilling mud

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Laboratory evaluation to assess the effectiveness of inhibitive nano-water-based drilling fluids for Zubair shale formation

Laboratory evaluation to assess the effectiveness of inhibitive nano-water-based drilling fluids for Zubair shale formation

Rheological impact and economic implications of partial to total substitution of imported bentonite clay for oil and gas drilling operations in Nigeria

Improving rheological properties of Gambe clay for drilling fluid application using fermentable polymers

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