2008
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806545200
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Characterization of SNAREs Determines the Absence of a Typical Golgi Apparatus in the Ancient Eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Abstract: Giardia is a eukaryotic protozoal parasite with unusual characteristics, such as the absence of a morphologically evident Golgi apparatus. Although both constitutive and regulated pathways for protein secretion are evident in Giardia, little is known about the mechanisms involved in vesicular docking and fusion. In higher eukaryotes, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) of the vesicle-associated membrane protein and syntaxin families play essential roles in these proc… Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(46 citation statements)
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References 76 publications
(74 reference statements)
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“…Consistent with this, most of the machinery for biosynthesis of core N-glycans and all associated quality control modules for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export are absent Samuelson et al, 2005). Despite the completely different organization of the trafficking system, a minimal set of universally conserved molecules has been identified (Dacks et al, 2003;Elias et al, 2008;Marti et al, 2003b), suggesting that the basic principles of membrane transport are conserved. During stage-differentiation to infectious cysts, trophozoites synthesize large amounts of cyst wall material (CWM), which is secreted to the surface of the cells in a regulated fashion to form a protective extracellular matrix.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…Consistent with this, most of the machinery for biosynthesis of core N-glycans and all associated quality control modules for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export are absent Samuelson et al, 2005). Despite the completely different organization of the trafficking system, a minimal set of universally conserved molecules has been identified (Dacks et al, 2003;Elias et al, 2008;Marti et al, 2003b), suggesting that the basic principles of membrane transport are conserved. During stage-differentiation to infectious cysts, trophozoites synthesize large amounts of cyst wall material (CWM), which is secreted to the surface of the cells in a regulated fashion to form a protective extracellular matrix.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors) function in the final event of docking of vesicles with the target membrane, catalyzing the fusion of the opposing membranes. Compared to other organisms, Giardia has a relatively small number of SNARE proteins (Morrison et al, 2007;Elias et al, 2008). Seventeen putative SNAREs have been identified and partially characterized, with five representing QaSNAREs, five Qb-SNAREs, four Qc-SNAREs and three R-SNAREs.…”
Section: Snares and Rabsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Seventeen putative SNAREs have been identified and partially characterized, with five representing QaSNAREs, five Qb-SNAREs, four Qc-SNAREs and three R-SNAREs. Although some of these SNAREs localize to the PV area, their function has not been investigated and has rather been inferred from the participation of their orthologs in other cells (Elias et al, 2008). For example, different gSNAREs are present in the PVs/plasma membrane area, Qa1, gQa3, gQa5, gQb2, gQb4, gQb5, and gR3, with the presence of three different gQa SNAREs suggested to be involved in distinct pathways such as exocytosis, endocytosis, and PV-PV fusion (Elias et al, 2008).…”
Section: Snares and Rabsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although some of these SNAREs localize to the PV area, their function has not been investigated and has rather been inferred from the participation of their orthologs in other cells (82). For example, different gSNAREs are present in the PVs/plasma membrane area, Qa1, gQa3, gQa5, gQb2, gQb4, gQb5, and gR3, with the presence of three different gQa SNAREs suggested to be involved in distinct pathways such as exocytosis, endocytosis, and PV-PV fusion (82).…”
Section: 23mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Compared to other organisms, Giardia has a relatively small number of Rab and SNARE proteins (28,82). The giardial Rab11 has been localized to the PVs and cytoplasm but relocalizes to the ESVs during encystation (28,36).…”
Section: 23mentioning
confidence: 99%