Characterization of simple phenols in oil sands extraction‐process water

Hargesheimer, Erika E; Coutts, Ronald T.; MacKinnon, Michael D.

doi:10.1080/09593338409384296

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…O1 compounds may be alkylphenols and have been shown to be present in OSPW at ppb to low ppm concentrations. 28 The formula of the C 15 O1 compound (C 15 H 24 O) is consistent with that of nonylphenol. Alkylphenols are thought to contribute significantly to Thomas et al 11 showed that 35% of the estrogenic activity could be attributed to petrogenic alkylphenols in off-shore North Sea discharge waters.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Their total relative abundance was as high as ∼2% in the F2.19 fraction of untreated OSPW, 0.2% in the F2.20T fraction from treated OSPW and zero in estrogenic samples. O1 compounds may be alkylphenols and have been shown to be present in OSPW at ppb to low ppm concentrations . The formula of the C 15 O1 compound (C 15 H 24 O) is consistent with that of nonylphenol.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Because the HPLC subfractions with O1 compounds were not estrogenic, it is possible that they were either not alkylphenols or were present at concentrations too low to cause an estrogenic effect. The latter is more likely as 245 to 35 000 μg L –1 total phenols have been measured in off-shore produced waters in the North and Norwegian Seas compared to much lower values of 97–332 μg L –1 in OSPW …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Identification of Estrogenic Compounds in Oil Sands Process Waters by Effect Directed Analysis

Yue

Ramsay

Brown

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Using effect directed analysis, the presence of estrogenic components in untreated and biologically treated oil sands process water (OSPW) was detected with the yeast estrogenic screening assay after fractionation with solid phase extraction followed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the composition, as determined by electrospray ionization combined with high-resolution linear trap quadropole (LTQ)-Orbitrap Velos Pro hybrid mass spectrometry (negative ion) of selected estrogenic and nonestrogenic fractions identified compounds that were uniquely present in the estrogenic samples, biologically treated and untreated. Of the 30 most abundant compounds, there were 14 possible nonaromatic structures and 16 possible aromatic structures. Based on the published literature, the latter are the most likely to cause estrogenicity and were O2, O3 and O4 C17 to C20 compounds with double bond equivalents between 6 and 10 and chemical formulas similar to estrone- and estradiol-like compounds. This study shows exact formulas and masses of possible estrogenic compounds in OSPW. These findings will help to focus study on the most environmentally significant components in OSPW.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Identification of Estrogenic Compounds in Oil Sands Process Waters by Effect Directed Analysis

Yue

Ramsay

Brown

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…NA surrogates and estradiol utilisation in microtiter respirometry assay Carbon substrates in OSPW are oil and grease (25 ± 15 mg/L) (MacKinnon and Boerger 1986), NAs (20-120 mg/L) (Frank and Kavanagh 2008) and minor amounts of alkylphenols (\0.3 mg/L) (Hargesheimer et al 1984) and PAHs (10 lg/L) (Rogers et al 2002). Although NAs, alkylphenols and PAHs are known to be toxic, the latter two are at relatively low concentrations; hence this study focused on NAs.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Nas Surrogates and Estradiolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of naphthenic acid surrogates by axenic cultures

Yue

Ramsay

2015

Biodegradation

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This is the first study to report that bacteria from the genera Ochrobactrum, Brevundimonas and Bacillus can be isolated by growth on naphthenic acids (NAs) extracted from oil sands process water (OSPW). These pure cultures were screened for their ability to use a range of aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic NA surrogates in 96-well microtiter plates using water-soluble tetrazolium redox dyes (Biolog Redox Dye H) as the indicator of metabolic activity. Of the three cultures, Ochrobactrum showed most metabolic activity on the widest range of NA surrogates. Brevundomonas and especially Ochrobactrum had higher metabolic activity on polycyclic aromatic compounds than other classes of NA surrogates. Bacillus also oxidized a wide range of NA surrogates but not as well as Ochrobactrum. Using this method to characterize NA utilisation, one can identify which NAs or NA classes in OSPW are more readily degraded. Since aromatic NAs have been shown to have an estrogenic effect and polycyclic monoaromatic compounds have been suggested to pose the greatest environmental threat among the NAs, these bacterial genera may play an important role in detoxification of OSPW. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that bacteria belonging to the genera Ochrobactrum and Bacillus can also degrade surrogates of tricyclic NAs.

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