Characterization of short‐period and long‐period incremental markings in porcine enamel and dentine—Results of a fluorochrome labelling study in wild boar and domestic pigs

Emken, Simon; Witzel, Carsten; Kierdorf, Uwe; Frölich, Kai; Kierdorf, Horst

doi:10.1111/joa.13502

Cited by 10 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The present paper is a follow-up study to a previous investigation (Emken et al, 2021) in which we established the periodicities of enamel and dentinal growth marks in fluorochrome-labelled mandibular molars of pigs. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to compare crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from wild boar and domestic pigs.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…Based on the previously established daily periodicity of laminations in porcine enamel (Emken et al, 2021), the present study, for the first time, provides comprehensive data on second molar crown formation below). The stage of dental development recorded radiographically at the time of death in the Linderöd pigs of our study matches quite well with that reported for other domestic pig breeds at an age of about 11 months (Ide et al, 2013;Robinson et al, 1987).…”

Section: Crown Formation Time and Enamel Extension Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both males were castrated prior to the start of the study. Further details on handling and treatment of the experimental animals can be found in Emken et al (2021).…”

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

et al. 2023

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Based on the previously established periodicity of enamel growth marks, we reconstructed crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from two wild boar and two domestic pigs of the Linderöd breed. Body weight gain and progression of dental development were markedly faster in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. While the final crown dimensions of the M2 did not differ between domestic pigs and wild boar, mean crown formation time (CFT) of this tooth was considerably shorter in the domestic pigs (162 days) than in the wild boar (205 days). The difference in CFT was mainly attributable to a higher enamel extension rate (EER) in the domestic pig. Generally, EER was highest in the cuspalmost deciles of the length of the enamel‐dentine‐junction and markedly dropped in cervical direction, with lowest values occurring in the cervicalmost decile. In consequence, the cuspal half of the M2 crown was formed about three times faster than the cervical half. In contrast to the EER, no marked difference in daily enamel secretion rate (DSR) was recorded between domestic pigs and wild boar. The duration of enamel matrix apposition as well as linear enamel thickness in corresponding crown portions was only slightly lower in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. Thus, the earlier completion of M2 crown growth in the domestic pig was mainly achieved by a higher EER and not by an increased DSR. The more rapid recruitment of secretory ameloblasts in the course of molar crown formation of domestic pigs compared to wild boar is considered a side‐effect of the selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.

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confidence: 85%

Section: Crown Formation Time and Enamel Extension Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

et al. 2023

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“…Likewise, cross-striations in the enamel were interpreted as daily increments of growth 54,55 . In every specimen, enamel cross-striations were aligned into clearly visible growth laminations, which have a daily periodicity 37,56 . The neonatal line in the enamel was identified as a prominent, Zn-enriched 35 accentuated line formed by discontinuities in the enamel prisms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of placental mammal life histories

Funston

dePolo

Śliwiński

et al. 2022

Nature

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After the end-Cretaceous extinction, placental mammals quickly diversified 1 , occupied key ecological niches 2,3 , and increased in size 4,5 , but the latter was not true of other therians 6 .The uniquely extended gestation of placental young 7 may have factored in their success and size increase 8 , but reproduction style in early placentals remains unknown. Here, using palaeohistology and geochemistry, we present the earliest record of a placental life history, in a 62-million year old pantodont, the clade including the first mammals to achieve truly large body sizes. We extend the application of dental trace element mapping 9,10 by sixty million years, identifying chemical markers of birth and weaning, and calibrate these to a daily record of growth in the dentition. A long gestation (~7 months), rapid dental development, and short suckling interval (~30-75 days) show Pantolambda bathmodon was highly precocial, unlike non-placental mammals and known Mesozoic precursors. These results demonstrate P. bathmodon reproduced like a placental, and lived at a fast pace for its body size. Assuming P. bathmodon reflects close placental relatives, our findings suggest the ability to produce well-developed precocial young was established early in placental evolution, and that larger neonate sizes were a possible mechanism for rapid size increase in early placentals.Placentals are the most diverse group of mammals, comprising >6,000 extant species 11 and the largest animals ever. Their success may relate to their derived life history 8,12 , with maternal investment shifted prenatally through extended gestation 7,13 . This adaptation allows placentals the unique capability among mammals to produce highly precocial young: typically single offspring born at larger masses with well-developed dentition, fur, and open eyes 13,14 . Extended 3 gestation may have released placentals from developmental constraints associated with prolonged lactation in other mammals 8,15,16 , enabling experimentation with new locomotor modes and habitats 17,18 . However, when extended gestation evolved in mammals remains unclear: Mesozoic eutherians (mammals more closely related to placentals than marsupials) did not grow like living placentals [19][20][21] and it has been hypothesized that ancestral placentals gave birth to altricial young 21 . Nonetheless, immediately after the end-Cretaceous extinction, early Palaeocene placentals emerged from a 100-Ma lineage of small-bodied ancestors and quickly achieved much greater masses as they diversified into a variety of niches 4 . Thus, the early Palaeocene was likely an important interval in the eutherian transition to placental-like growth strategies, but the life histories of these mammals remain unknown.Among early placental clades, the Palaeocene-Eocene Pantodonta are a key group, because they were among the first large mammalian herbivores, becoming the largest mammals ever up to that point in time 22 . The early Palaeocene (~62 ma) Pantolambda bathmodon (~42 kg) is represented by multiple skel...

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“…Lines of von Ebner are dentinal growth lines recorded in most amniote groups (Erickson, 1996a(Erickson, , 1996b. Since these incremental lines are formed through the daily mineralization of dentine in apparent response to circadian biorhythms, each line reflects the daily formation of dentine by odontoblasts (Emken et al, 2021;Erickson, 1996aErickson, , 1996b. This particular growth pattern provides the means to study tooth development and replacement in extinct vertebrates.…”

Section: The Absence Of Von Ebner Lines In the Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeohistology reveals an unusual periodontium and tooth implantation in a filter‐feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur, Pterodaustro guinazui, from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina

Cerda

Codorniú

2023

Journal of Anatomy

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Pterosaurs are an extinct group of Mesozoic flying reptiles, which exhibited high diversity with regard to their dentition. Although morphological features of pterosaur dentition have been described in detail in several contributions, the histology of tooth and tooth attachment tissues (i.e. periodontium) has been scarcely analysed to date for this clade. Here we describe and interpret the microstructure of the tooth and periodontium attachment tissues of Pterodaustro guinazui, a filter‐feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina. The histological analysis of the lower jaw and its filamentous teeth verifies that the geometry of the implantation corresponds to an aulacodont condition (i.e. teeth are set in a groove with no interdental separation). This pattern departs from that recorded in other archosaurs, being possibly also present in other, non‐closely related, pterosaurs. Regarding tooth attachment, in contrast to other pterosaurs, there is no direct evidence for gomphosis in Pterodaustro (i.e. the absence of cementum, mineralized periodontal ligamentum and alveolar bone). Nevertheless, the current evidence for ankylosis is still not conclusive. Contrary to that reported for other archosaurs, replacement teeth are absent in Pterodaustro, which is interpreted as evidence for monophyodonty or diphyodonty in this taxon. Most of the microstructural features are possibly related to the complex filter‐feeding apparatus of Pterodaustro and does not appear to represent the general pattern of pterosaurs.

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Characterization of short‐period and long‐period incremental markings in porcine enamel and dentine—Results of a fluorochrome labelling study in wild boar and domestic pigs

Abstract: Zander & Hürzeler, 1958). As a result, enamel, dentine and cementum exhibit characteristic incremental markings that constitute a permanent record of the growth process for the respective tissue, analogous to the growth rings of trees (

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

The origin of placental mammal life histories

Palaeohistology reveals an unusual periodontium and tooth implantation in a filter‐feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur, Pterodaustro guinazui, from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina

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