Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus membrane protein

Voß, Daniel; Kern, Anika; Traggiai, Elisabetta; Eickmann, Markus; Stadler, Konrad; Lanzavecchia, Antonio; Becker, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.026

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The IBV-M protein is localized to the cis -Golgi [ 72 , 76 ], while the MHV-M protein is localized to the trans -Golgi and the TGN [ 72 , 77 ]. In some cases, however, the TGEV-M protein [ 78 , 79 ] and the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) M protein [ 80 ] in infected cells or independently expressed epitope tagged or untagged SCoV-M protein [ 44 , 81 ] were transported to the plasma membrane. It is noteworthy that, although M proteins play an essential role in the CoV budding process, which occurs exclusively at the ERGIC, a large portion is transported to the Golgi complex or even the plasma membrane beyond the ERGIC [ 72 ].…”

Section: M Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

Ujike

Taguchi

2015

Viruses

140

147

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The envelopes of coronaviruses (CoVs) contain primarily three proteins; the two major glycoproteins spike (S) and membrane (M), and envelope (E), a non-glycosylated protein. Unlike other enveloped viruses, CoVs bud and assemble at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). For efficient virion assembly, these proteins must be targeted to the budding site and to interact with each other or the ribonucleoprotein. Thus, the efficient incorporation of viral envelope proteins into CoV virions depends on protein trafficking and protein–protein interactions near the ERGIC. The goal of this review is to summarize recent findings on the mechanism of incorporation of the M and S glycoproteins into the CoV virion, focusing on protein trafficking and protein–protein interactions.

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Section: M Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

Ujike

Taguchi

2015

Viruses

140

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Glycosylation and palmitoylation of S and E proteins are fundamental in terms of stability, enzymatic activity, subcellular localization, and protein interaction ( 26 – 29 ). Similarly, glycosylation of the M protein ( 30 , 31 ), phosphorylation, and ribosylation of the N protein ( 32 , 33 ), as well as other PTMs in non-structural and accessory proteins, can play a determinant role in the viral cycle ( 34 , 35 ). Considering the relevant role of PTMs and the complex composition of N-glycans, it was proposed that inhibition with N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) ( 35 ) or the addition of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) could be considered as therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV infections ( 36 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Candidate Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Proteins for South America: A Review of HLA Frequencies by Country

et al. 2020

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“…However, S gene has most pairwise nucleotide differences among the four structural genes, indicating a more genetic diversity of S gene (Table 1). A key player in the virus transcription and assembly as N protein is [26, 27], high sequence variability of the N protein may indicate a vast adaption of the virus during host transmission. Previous study shows that high genetic variance has been found among bat SARSr-CoVs, particularly in the S gene[9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Structural Genes: Evidence of Positive Selection in Spike Glycoprotein

Zhan

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractSARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic in early 2020 and has resulted in more than 8,000,000 infections as well as 430,000 deaths in the world so far. Four structural proteins, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein, play a key role in controlling the entry into human cells and virion assembly of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these genes evolve during its human to human transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we screened and analyzed roughly 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from GenBank database. The distribution of the four gene alleles is determined:16 for E, 40 for M, 131 for N and 173 for S genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that global SARS-CoV-2 isolates can be clustered into three to four major clades based on the protein sequences of these genes. Intragenic recombination event isn’t detected among different alleles. However, purifying selection has conducted on the evolution of these genes. By analyzing full genomic sequences of these alleles using codon-substitution models (M8, M3 and M2a) and likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) of codeML package, it reveals that codon 614 of S glycoprotein has subjected to strong positive selection pressure and a persistent D614G mutation is identified. The definitive positive selection of D614G mutation is further confirmed by internal fixed effects likelihood (IFEL) and Evolutionary Fingerprinting methods implemented in Hyphy package. In addition, another potential positive selection site at codon 5 in the signal sequence of the S protein is also identified. The allele containing D614G mutation has undergone significant expansion during SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, implying a better adaptability of isolates with the mutation. However, L5F allele expansion is relatively restricted. The D614G mutation is located at the subdomain 2 (SD2) of C-terminal portion (CTP) of the S1 subunit. Protein structural modeling shows that the D614G mutation may cause the disruption of salt bridge among S protein monomers increase their flexibility, and in turn promote receptor binding domain (RBD) opening, virus attachment and entry into host cells. Located at the signal sequence of S protein as it is, L5F mutation may facilitate the protein folding, assembly, and secretion of the virus. This is the first evidence of positive Darwinian selection in the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2, which contributes to a better understanding of the adaptive mechanism of this virus and help to provide insights for developing novel therapeutic approaches as well as effective vaccines by targeting on mutation sites.

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Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus membrane protein

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

Identification of Novel Candidate Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Proteins for South America: A Review of HLA Frequencies by Country

Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Structural Genes: Evidence of Positive Selection in Spike Glycoprotein

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