Characterization of scoria rock from Arabian lava fields as natural pozzolan for use in concrete

Fares, Galal; Alhozaimy, Abdulrahman M.; Al‐Negheimish, Abdulaziz I.; Alawad, Omer Abdalla

doi:10.1080/19648189.2019.1647464

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the other hand, pyroxene minerals such as enstatite (magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 )) and diopside (calcium and magnesium silicate (CaMgSi 2 O 6 )) are found as the major minerals in NP2. Albite-anorthite groups of minerals are known as unstable minerals under hydrothermal conditions, which dissociate in the presence of Portlandite into CASH, while diopside and enstatite are more stable under such conditions [1]. The reaction of albite with lime under autoclave conditions is reported to lead to the formation of CASH gel compositions (wairakite), while that of quartz leads to the formation of tobermorite [20].…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Arabian Peninsula's volcanic scoria cones have been shown to be a cost-effective source of scoria rocks (SRs) that have yet to be fully explored. These types of rocks are located in an area of around 90,000 km 2 , making it one of the world's largest areas, extending along the Red Sea on the Arabian Peninsula's western side [1]. SRs are widely spread in the Arabian Peninsula and have been used as lightweight fine and coarse aggregates [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher iron content of SR is hypothesized to function as a barrier, slowing pozzolanic reactivity [1]. The quantity of reactive phases may also be enhanced by applying an accelerated curing technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Ground Scoria Rocks under Low- and High-Pressure (Autoclave) Steam Curing

Fares

Alhozaimy

2022

Materials

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Two sources of natural scoria rocks were procured and ground for use in concrete as natural pozzolans (NP1 and NP2). The evaluation of their pozzolanic reactivity is carried out using different techniques and approaches. The primary goal of employing these techniques is to monitor the amount of portlandite (CH=Ca(OH)2) consumed during steam curing at low or high pressure. The pozzolanicity of NP powders is determined either directly by monitoring CH variation or indirectly by compressive strength and microstructure development. Autoclave curing is known to stimulate the pozzolanicity of the inert siliceous and aluminosiliceous materials under its high-pressure steam conditions. Both steam-curing conditions were applied in this investigation. In this study, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, and isothermal analyzers were used. It is concluded that the nature and types of minerals in SR determine their pozzolanic reactivity as either low-pressure steam-reactive or high-pressure steam-reactive cementitious materials. Due to the nature of their silicate structures, notably single-chain or 3D-framework structures, plagioclase feldspars (albite-anorthite) minerals are high-pressure steam-reactive minerals, whereas pyroxene (enstatite and diopside) minerals are low-pressure steam-reactive minerals. Using high-pressure steam curing, varied replacement levels of up to 60% were achieved in NP1, with a consistent strength activity index (SAI) of 99%, while an SAI of 79% was obtained with NP2. During low-pressure steam curing, NP1 and NP2 consumed around 72 and 80% of portlandite, respectively, demonstrating their relative pozzolanic reactivity. When compared to the control concrete mix, the strength activity indices of NP1, NP2, and class F fly ash in their normal concrete mixes reached 74.3, 82, and 73.7%, respectively, after 56 days of normal curing conditions.

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Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Ground Scoria Rocks under Low- and High-Pressure (Autoclave) Steam Curing

Fares

Alhozaimy

2022

Materials

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“…Large deposits of scoria rocks are spread along the Arabian Shield. Various studies have shown that these deposits have the potential to be used as lightweight aggregates and natural pozzolanic materials [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. To reduce the carbon footprint caused by the production of cement, it becomes morally required and necessary to use more cementitious ingredients in large quantities of concrete without compromising its properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight SCC Development in a Low-Carbon Cementitious System for Structural Applications

et al. 2023

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The utilization of manufactured lightweight aggregates adds another dimension to the cost of the preparation of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The common practice of adding absorption water to the lightweight aggregates before concreting leads to inaccurate calculations of the water-to-cement ratio. Moreover, the absorption of water weakens this interfacial bond between aggregates and the cementitious matrix. A particular type of black volcanic rock with a vesicular texture known as scoria rocks (SR) is utilized. With an adapted sequence of additions, the occurrence of water absorption can be minimized to overcome the issue of calculating the true water content. In this study, the approach of preparing the cementitious paste first with adjusted rheology followed by the addition of fine and coarse SR aggregates enabled us to circumvent the need for adding absorption water to the aggregates. This step has improved the overall strength due to the enhanced bond between the aggregate and the cementitious matrix, rendering a lightweight SCC mix with a target compressive strength of 40 MPa at 28 days, which makes it appropriate for structural applications. Different mixes were prepared and optimized for the best cementitious system that achieved the goal of this study. The optimized quaternary cementitious system included silica fume, class F fly ash, and limestone dust as essential ingredients for low-carbon footprint concrete. The rheological properties and parameters of the optimized mix were tested, evaluated, and compared to a control mix prepared using normal-weight aggregates. The results showed that the optimized quaternary mix satisfied both fresh and hardened properties. Slump flow, T50, J-ring flow, and average V-funnel flow time were in the ranges of 790–800 mm, 3.78–5.67 s, 750–780 mm, and 9.17 s, respectively. Moreover, the equilibrium density was in the range of 1770–1800 kg/m3. After 28 days an average compressive strength of 42.7 MPa, a corresponding flexural load of over 2000 N, and a modulus of rupture of 6.2 MPa were obtained. The conclusion is then drawn that altering the sequence of mixing ingredients becomes a mandatory process with scoria aggregates to obtain high-quality lightweight concrete for structural applications. This process leads to a significant improvement in the precise control of the fresh and hardened properties, which was unachievable with the normal practice used with lightweight concrete.

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“…e physicochemical and mechanical properties of scoria volcanic rock (as an NP source), which is available in various areas in the Arabian shield, were presented in [24]. e properties of cement-based materials significantly rely on the sophisticated interactions of the cementitious constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Arabian‐Shield‐Based Natural Pozzolan and Silica Fume for High‐Performance Concrete Using Statistical Design of Experiments

Abbas

Khan

2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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In this study, the optimum dosages of silica fume (SF) and natural pozzolan (NP) were experimentally and statistically assessed for the best strength and durability properties of high-performance concrete (HPC). SF and NP were used as partial replacement Portland cement (PC) by up to 12 and 25 wt.%, respectively. Additionally, the prediction models based on second-level factorial (SLF) and response surface design (RSD) were formulated to estimate the HPC properties and their validation. The SLF-based model was further employed to investigate the significance and interactions of the PC, SF, and NP blends. The 28-day strength of the blended-cement HPC with a water-to-binder ratio w / b of 0.25 was generally higher than that of the control concrete. The positive synergy of PC–NP–SF was also observed in the HPC permeability. The paired t -test of the mean square error (MSE) of the SLF- and RSD-based models revealed that the MSE of the former was notably less than that of the latter. These results established the superiority of the SLF-based model over the RSD-based model. Therefore, the SLF-based model was further employed to investigate the importance of various binders.

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Characterization of scoria rock from Arabian lava fields as natural pozzolan for use in concrete

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Ground Scoria Rocks under Low- and High-Pressure (Autoclave) Steam Curing

Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Ground Scoria Rocks under Low- and High-Pressure (Autoclave) Steam Curing

Lightweight SCC Development in a Low-Carbon Cementitious System for Structural Applications

Optimization of Arabian‐Shield‐Based Natural Pozzolan and Silica Fume for High‐Performance Concrete Using Statistical Design of Experiments

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