Characterization of Schistosoma japonicum tetraspanning orphan receptor and its role in binding to complement C2 and immunoprotection against murine schistosomiasis

Ma, Shuai; Zai, Jinli; Han, Yanhui; Hong, Yang; Zhang, Min; Cao, Xiaodan; Han, Qian; Ke, Lu; Zhao, Zhongwei; Lin, Jiaojiao; Fu, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2229-y

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Immunization with C4BP-fused MSP1 19 induced protective immunity in BALB/c mice against the otherwise lethal malarial parasitic challenge of Plasmodium yoelii , possibly through protection of the parasite from complement lysis ( Ogun et al, 2008 ). Vaccination with complement regulator CRIT ed1 synthetic peptide conferred protection against the challenge of Schistosoma japonicum in mice through the inhibition of complement activity both in vitro and in vivo ( Ma et al, 2017 ). T. cruzi expresses a complement regulatory protein (Tc-CRP) as a major antigen that induces the production of lytic antibodies during T. cruzi infections, making it a potential target for vaccine development ( Henrique et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Parasite-generated Complement Regulatory Proteins As Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host

et al. 2019

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Parasitic infections induce host immune responses that eliminate the invading parasites. However, parasites have evolved to develop many strategies to evade host immune attacks and survive in a hostile environment. The complement system acts as the first line of immune defense to eliminate the invading parasites by forming the membrane attack complex (MAC) and promoting an inflammatory reaction on the surface of invading parasites. To date, the complement activation pathway has been precisely delineated; however, the manner in which parasites escape complement attack, as a survival strategy in the host, is not well understood. Increasing evidence has shown that parasites develop sophisticated strategies to escape complement-mediated killing, including (i) recruitment of host complement regulatory proteins on the surface of the parasites to inhibit complement activation; (ii) expression of orthologs of host RCA to inhibit complement activation; and (iii) expression of parasite-encoded proteins, specifically targeting different complement components, to inhibit complement function and formation of the MAC. In this review, we compiled information regarding parasitic abilities to escape host complement attack as a survival strategy in the hostile environment of the host and the mechanisms underlying complement evasion. Effective escape of host complement attack is a crucial step for the survival of parasites within the host. Therefore, those proteins expressed by parasites and involved in the regulation of the complement system have become important targets for the development of drugs and vaccines against parasitic infections.

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Section: Parasite-generated Complement Regulatory Proteins As Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host

et al. 2019

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“…Previous research on schistosomiasis 13 and malaria 14 has demonstrated that the corresponding parasites interfere with the complement system through a variety of mechanisms, leading to diminished local inflammatory responses and progression into chronic infectious diseases. During Echinococcus granulosus (E.g) infection, the complement system is activated via the AP, and the protoscolex is thereby lysed to control parasitic infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Excretory Protein of Echinococcus multilocularis Inhibits Complement Classical Pathway Activation

Qiu¹,

Shen²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Introduction Alveolar echinococcosis is a lethal zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis ( E.m ) larvae. The mechanism by which E.m evades host immune attacks and ensures long-term survival remains unexplained. The complement system is a cascade of sequentially activated complement proteins that results in opsonization-related phagocytosis or membrane lysis of invading organisms. Excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) of parasites are the main antigens that induce the immune response and play important roles in the long-term survival. Methods We investigated the possibility that E.m inhibits complement activation through ESPs and examined the potential related mechanism. A haemolysis assay was used to determine if and how in vitro culture medium of E.m containing ESPs can inhibit complement activation. Potential ESPs were annotated using bioinformatics methods, and one ESP was subsequently expressed as a recombinant protein with a eukaryotic expression system. The ability of this protein to inhibit complement activation was also tested by haemolysis assay. Results These assays showed that in vitro culture medium of E.m inhibited activation of the complement classical pathway. EmuJ_000439500 encodes a protein containing seven Sushi domains, which was the only potential E.m -derived complement inhibitor (Em-CI, UniProt: A0A068Y4F2) annotated among the 653 ESPs. Recombinant Em-CI also displayed the ability to inhibit activation of the complement classical pathway. Discussion The discovery of Em-CI sheds light on the mechanism by which E.m escapes killing by the complement system and provides potential targets for immunotherapy for parasitic diseases.

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Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy

Rogers,

Kamath,

McManus

et al. 2024

Clin & Trans Imm

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Food allergy (FA) is considered the ‘second wave’ of the allergy epidemic in developed countries after asthma and allergic rhinitis with a steadily growing burden of 40%. The absence of early childhood pathogen stimulation embodied by the hygiene hypothesis is one explanation, and in particular, the eradication of parasitic helminths could be at play. Infections with parasites Schistosoma spp. have been found to have a negative correlation with allergic diseases. Schistosomes induce regulatory responses to evade immune detection and ensure their long‐term survival. This is achieved via excretory/secretory (E/S) products, consisting of proteins, lipids, metabolites, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, representing an untapped therapeutic avenue for the treatment of FA without the unpleasant side‐effects and risks associated with live infection. Schistosome‐derived immunotherapeutic development is in its infancy and novel discoveries are heavily technology dependent; thus, it is essential to better understand how newly identified molecules interact with host immune systems to ensure safety and successful translation. This review will outline the identified Schistosoma‐derived E/S products at all life cycle stages and discuss known mechanisms of action and their ability to suppress FA.

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Characterization of Schistosoma japonicum tetraspanning orphan receptor and its role in binding to complement C2 and immunoprotection against murine schistosomiasis

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host

Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host

An Excretory Protein of Echinococcus multilocularis Inhibits Complement Classical Pathway Activation

Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy

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