Characterization of SCCmec and spa types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from health-care and community-acquired infections in Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates is a worldwide problem. Molecular typing is a useful tool to understand MRSA epidemiology. Herein, we determined vancomycin-resistant, SCCmec and spa types among MRSA isolates recovered from healthcare and community-acquired infections in Kerman, Iran. A total of 170 S. aureus isolates were collected from different patients who were admitted to affiliated hospitals of Kerman University of Medical science. MRSA and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates were detected by phenotypic methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for detection of mecA, vanA and vanB genes. Staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec (SCCmec) and spa typing were used for molecular typing of among MRSA isolates. Overall, 53% of isolates were considered as MRSA. Two MRSA isolates were resistant to vancomycin and vanA was detected in only one of VRSA isolates. SCCmec type III belonged to spa types t030 and t459 which they were the dominant spa types among community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and healthcare-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates. Our findings showed that the SCCmec type I and III spread from hospital settings to community, although the SCCmec type IV spread from community to healthcare systems. We have also reported VRSA isolates from hospitalized patients, therefore, appropriate policies should be enforced in order to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance isolates in hospitals settings.

Characterization of SCCmec, spa types and Multi Drug Resistant of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates among inpatients and outpatients in a referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran.

“…Among the MRSA isolates, 15 different spa types were revealed, and Spa type t030 was the most frequent type (n=12, 24%) followed by Spa type t021 (n=10, 20%). In Iran, different types of spa were reported [11,18,20,32] and the most common types are as follows: t021,t037,t701,t790 related to MRSA isolates, which is similar to other studies in Iran [18,20], but in our study, spa types t030, t386, t314, t1877, t325, t345, t304, t003, t81 and t018 were detected. In this study, spa type t037 belonged to SCCmec type ІІІ, which is in agreement with Darban et al study from Iran [11].…”

“…SCCmec typing provides useful information about the resistance of genes to methicillin, and to identify the origin of strains [28,29]. In our study, SCCmec typeIII was the most common type, which was similar to other reports in Iran and other countries [11,18,22,26,27,30,31]. However, in a study by Havaie et al SCCmec type ІV was the most common SCCmec type [32].…”

Molecular Characterizations, Virulence Determinants and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the North of Iran

“…The gentamycin resistance rate in the 37 MRSA strains was found to be 86.5%, which is higher than rates (60%, 77%, 78.2%, and 40.5%) reported in other similar studies [2,8,38].…”

“…MRSA causes infections ranging from skin and soft tissue to deep-seated and severe life-threatening ones (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, necrotizing pneumonia, meningitis, and toxic shock syndrome) [4][5][6][7]. The genetic mobile element of staphylococcal cassette chromosome, mec (SCCmec), is a biomarker that is responsible for resistance of S. aureus to methicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics [8,9]. Additionally, cell surface adhesive components and exotoxins are signi cant virulence factors of MRSA [9,10].…”

Determining spa-type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, Shiraz, Iran

“…The X region of the spa gene was amplified, using spa-1113f (5-TAA AGA CGA TCC TTC GGT GAG C-3) and spa-1514r (5-CAG CAG TAGTGC CGT TTG CTT-3) primers [5]. The PCR assay contained the following components per reaction: 12.5 ml Master mix (Amplicon, Denmark), 0.2 mL of each primer with concentration of 10 pmol/mL and 2 mL of DNA template top up to 25 mL.…”