Characterization of resistance to multiple fungicides in Botrytis cinerea populations from Asian ginseng in northeastern China

Xiao, Lu; Jiao, X. L.; Hao, Jianjun; Chen, Amanda Juan; Gao, Wei

doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0786-5

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, during the past 5 years we have also recorded increasing frequencies of B. cinerea strains harboring multiple resistance to most or even all of the currently used fungicides in German horticulture. Similar trends of the accumulation of multiple resistance in B. cinerea have been recently reported for strawberries in Greece, the Southeastern USA and China (Amiri et al, 2013; Fernández-Ortuño et al, 2015; Konstantinou et al, 2015; Yin et al, 2015), blueberries in the Western USA (Saito et al, 2016), grapes in Italy (De Miccolis Angelini et al, 2014; Panebianco et al, 2015), tomatoes in Greece and China (Konstantinou et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2016), and ginseng in China (Lu et al, 2016). In this study, we show that multiple resistance is widely distributed in different cultures in Germany, including stone fruits, tree seedlings and ornamental flowers where they have not been reported before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Multiple Fungicide Resistance in German Horticulture

Rupp

Weber

Rieger³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

135

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Botrytis cinerea is a major plant pathogen, causing gray mold rot in a variety of cultures. Repeated fungicide applications are common but have resulted in the development of fungal populations with resistance to one or more fungicides. In this study, we have monitored fungicide resistance frequencies and the occurrence of multiple resistance in Botrytis isolates from raspberries, strawberries, grapes, stone fruits and ornamental flowers in Germany in 2010 to 2015. High frequencies of resistance to all classes of botryticides was common in all cultures, and isolates with multiple fungicide resistance represented a major part of the populations. A monitoring in a raspberry field over six seasons revealed a continuous increase in resistance frequencies and the emergence of multiresistant Botrytis strains. In a cherry orchard and a vineyard, evidence of the immigration of multiresistant strains from the outside was obtained. Inoculation experiments with fungicide-treated leaves in the laboratory and with strawberry plants cultivated in the greenhouse or outdoors revealed a nearly complete loss of fungicide efficacy against multiresistant strains. B. cinerea field strains carrying multiple resistance mutations against all classes of site-specific fungicides were found to show similar fitness as sensitive field strains under laboratory conditions, based on their vegetative growth, reproduction, stress resistance, virulence and competitiveness in mixed infection experiments. Our data indicate an alarming increase in the occurrence of multiresistance in B. cinerea populations from different cultures, which presents a major threat to the chemical control of gray mold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Multiple Fungicide Resistance in German Horticulture

Rupp

Weber

Rieger³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

135

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“…High frequencies of B. cinerea resistant isolates have been recorded not only iprodione but also to various groups of fungicides including DC, MBC, and PP across the globe [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Although field resistant mutants of iprodione was documented in Northeatern part (21%), Henan (8%), and also in Anhuai (5%) of China [ 18 , 43 ]. This study was showed low frequency of resistant mutants as compared to the previous one, but with the passage of time resistance level will increase with rapid and continuous application of DC’s fungicides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological and Gene Profile Expression Analysis Reveals Modification in Metabolic Pathways and Catalytic Activities Induce Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Against Iprodione Isolated From Tomato

Maqsood

Ahmar

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Grey mold is one of the most serious and catastrophic diseases, causing significant yield losses in fruits and vegetables worldwide. Iprodione is a broad spectrum agrochemical used as a foliar application as well as a seed protectant against many fungal and nematode diseases of fruits and vegetables from the last thirty years. The extensive use of agrochemicals produces resistance in plant pathogens and is the most devastating issue in food and agriculture. However, the molecular mechanism (whole transcriptomic analysis) of a resistant mutant of B. cinerea against iprodione is still unknown. In the present study, mycelial growth, sporulation, virulence, osmotic potential, cell membrane permeability, enzymatic activity, and whole transcriptomic analysis of UV (ultraviolet) mutagenic mutant and its wild type were performed to compare the fitness. The EC50 (half maximal effective concentration that inhibits the growth of mycelium) value of iprodione for 112 isolates of B. cinerea ranged from 0.07 to 0.87 µg/mL with an average (0.47 µg/mL) collected from tomato field of Guangxi Province China. Results also revealed that, among iprodione sensitive strains, only B67 strain induced two mutants, M0 and M1 after UV application. The EC50 of these induced mutants were 1025.74 μg/mL and 674.48 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to its wild type 1.12 μg/mL. Furthermore, mutant M0 showed higher mycelial growth sclerotia formation, virulence, and enzymatic activity than wild type W0 and M1 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The bctubA gene in the mutant M0 replaced TTC and GAT codon at position 593 and 599 by TTA and GAA, resulting in replacement of phenyl alanine into leucine (transversion C/A) and aspartic acid into glutamic acid (transversion T/C) respectively. In contrast, in bctubB gene, GAT codon at position 646 is replaced by AAT and aspartic acid converted into asparagine (transition G/A). RNA sequencing of the mutant and its wild type was performed without (M0, W0) and with iprodione treatment (M-ipro, W-ipro). The differential gene expression (DEG) identified 720 unigenes in mutant M-ipro than W-ipro after iprodione treatment (FDR ≤ 0.05 and log2FC ≥ 1). Seven DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction to validate the RNA sequencing genes expression (log fold 2 value). The gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway functional analyses indicated that DEG’s mainly associated with lysophopholipase, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, catalytic activity, multifunctional genes (MFO), glutathione-S transferase (GST), drug sensitivity, and cytochrome P450 related genes are upregulated in mutant type (M0, M-ipro) as compared to its wild type (W0, W-ipro), may be related to induce resistant in mutants of B. cinerea against iprodione.

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“…Analysis of sequences confirmed the resistance of the studied isolates and detected E198A and G143A mutations in benzimidazole‐ and strobilurin‐resistant strains, respectively. The E198A is a common and widespread mutation in β‐tubulin of B. cinerea conferring the highest levels of resistance to benzimidazoles (Fillinger & Walker, ; Lu et al, ; Malandrankis et al, ). Despite the resistance of BcM3 and BcG5 to both benzimidazoles and strobilurins, Kre:Car at ratios of 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9 showed synergism against these as well as other isolates and provided complete disease control at lower concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aqueous fungicide suspensions and solutions were added to sterile PDA to produce concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5mg L −1 carbendazim (Car) for benzimidazole‐sensitive isolates and 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000mg L −1 carbendazim for benzimidazole‐resistant isolates; 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg L −1 iprodione (Ipr) for dicarboximide‐sensitive isolates and 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000mg L −1 iprodione for dicarboximide‐resistant isolate; 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg L −1 kresoxim‐methyl (Kre) for strobilurin‐sensitive isolates and 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000mg L −1 kresoxim‐methyl for strobilurin‐resistant isolates; 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg L −1 tebuconazole (Teb) or penconazole (Pen). To determine the possible role of alternative respiration pathway in resistance of the studied isolates to strobilurins, sensitivity to kresoxim‐methyl was also tested by adding 100mg L −1 salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), a specific inhibitor of alternative oxidase (AOX) (Lu, Jiao, Hao, Chen, & Gao, ; Wood & Hollomon, ). Mycelial plugs (5 mm diameter) from the actively growing colony margins of 3‐day‐old colonies on PDA were placed upside down on the centre of 8‐cm Petri dishes containing PDA amended with each of the fungicides concentrations and fungicide‐free medium (nonamended control).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of fungicide mixtures againstBotrytis cinereaisolates resistant to benzimidazoles, strobilurins and dicarboximides

Ebrahimzadeh

Abrinbana

2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould in a broad range of crops, is considered a highrisk plant pathogen for fungicide resistance development. The use of fungicide mixtures, particularly combinations with synergistic activity, can be a useful tactic to counteract resistance build-up in pathogen populations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different ratios of two-way mixtures of carbendazim, iprodione, kresoxim-methyl, tebuconazole and penconazole on four B. cinerea isolates that were sensitive or resistant to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides and strobilurins. The isolates that were resistant to benzimidazoles and strobilurins had E198A and G143A mutations in β-tubulin and cytochrome b genes, respectively. The mixtures had different effects on each of the isolates in vitro but, in 13 combinations, the synergistic effect was observed against all or three isolates. In greenhouse experiments, 11 fungicide combinations used in decreased (EC 75 ) concentrations showed the maximum control efficiency.The two follow-up greenhouse experiments using six selected combinations revealed they were highly effective against additional isolates with various fungicide resistance profiles. The identified mixtures-ratios have potential for use in grey mould management programs in the greenhouse. K E Y W O R D Sfungicide resistance, fungicides interaction, grey mould, synergism

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Characterization of resistance to multiple fungicides in Botrytis cinerea populations from Asian ginseng in northeastern China

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Spread of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Multiple Fungicide Resistance in German Horticulture

Spread of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Multiple Fungicide Resistance in German Horticulture

Cytological and Gene Profile Expression Analysis Reveals Modification in Metabolic Pathways and Catalytic Activities Induce Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Against Iprodione Isolated From Tomato

Activity of fungicide mixtures againstBotrytis cinereaisolates resistant to benzimidazoles, strobilurins and dicarboximides

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