Characterization of renewable diesel particulate matter gathered from non-premixed and partially premixed flame burners and from a diesel engine

Cadrazco, Marlon; Santamarı́a, Alexander; Jaramillo, Isabel Cristina; Kaur, Kamaljeet; Kelly, Kerry E.; Agudelo, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.12.018

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Moreover, an increased fuel flow rate from the main stage elevates the probability of particle pyrolysis, consequently reducing particle sizes. Similar results were also drawn by Cadrazco et al, 54 and they reported that soot particles generated by partial premixed flames have smaller primary particle sizes than those produced by diffusion flames.…”

Section: Impact Of Fsr On the Primary Soot Particle Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impacts of Fuel Stage Ratio on the Morphological and Nanostructural Characteristics of Soot Emissions from a Twin Annular Premixing Swirler Combustor

Chen,

Cui,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soot particles emitted from aircraft engines constitute a major anthropogenic source of pollution in the vicinity of airports and at cruising altitudes. This emission poses a significant threat to human health and may alter the global climate. Understanding the characteristics of soot particles, particularly those generated from Twin Annular Premixing Swirler (TAPS) combustors, a mainstream combustor in civil aviation engines, is crucial for aviation environmental protection. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of soot particles emitted from TAPS combustors was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology and nanostructure of soot particles were examined across three distinct fuel stage ratios (FSR), at 10%, 15%, and 20%. The SEM analysis of soot particle morphology revealed that coated particles constitute over 90% of the total particle sample, with coating content increasing proportionally to the fuel stage ratio. The results obtained from HRTEM indicated that average primary particle sizes increase with the fuel stage ratio. The results of HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy suggest that the nanostructure of soot particles becomes more ordered and graphitized with an increasing fuel stage ratio, resulting in lower oxidation activity. Specifically, soot fringe length increased with the fuel stage ratio, while soot fringe tortuosity and separation distance decreased. In addition, there is a prevalent occurrence of defects in the graphitic lattice structure of soot particles, suggesting a high degree of elemental carbon disorder.

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Section: Impact Of Fsr On the Primary Soot Particle Size Distributionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impacts of Fuel Stage Ratio on the Morphological and Nanostructural Characteristics of Soot Emissions from a Twin Annular Premixing Swirler Combustor

Chen,

Cui,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The fringe interlayer distance ( D s ), defined by Vander Wal et al, is widely used to characterize the nanostructure of the primary particles. The measurement of the fringe interlayer was based on the studies of Yehliu et al , As suggested by Botero , and Marlon, , only fringe interlayer distances between 0.3345 nm (002 graphite distance) and 0.6 nm (after which van der Waals forces are negligible) were used effectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of n-Hexanol Blending on Morphology, Nanostructure, Graphitization, and Oxidation Characteristics of Diesel Particles

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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As a promising alternative fuel with favorable properties and attractive prospects, the application of n-hexanol in diesel engines has aroused the interest of researchers. This study investigated the effects of mixing with n-hexanol on the morphology, nanostructure, graphitization, and oxidation reactivity of soot particles generated from a diesel engine. Experiments were performed on a turbocharged, four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with D100 (neat diesel fuel), DH15 (15% nhexanol and 85% diesel, v/v), and DH30 (30% n-hexanol and 70% diesel, v/v), respectively. Under the constant torque of 125 N•m, two typical speeds of 1370 and 2150 rpm were selected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize particulate samples. TEM images showed that DH15 and DH30 particles had smaller primary particle diameters in comparison with neat diesel particles. Moreover, with the increase of the nhexanol content in mixtures, the interlayer distance increased, indicating a more disordered nanostructure. RS results showed that soot samples generated from n-hexanol/diesel blended fuels had a lower degree of graphitization with larger I D1 /I G and A D1 /A G and more amorphous carbon with larger I D3 /I G and A D3 /A G . Based on TGA, it can be deduced that the DH30 soot sample obtained at the engine speed of 1370 rpm was easier to be oxidized in the DPF regeneration process for an 8.23% reduction in T max compared with D100 soot. Furthermore, activation energy of soots sampled at the engine speed of 2150 rpm decreased from 123.0 kJ/mol for D100 soot, to 109.6 kJ/mol for DH15 soot, and to 101.2 kJ/mol for DH30 soot, respectively. Regarding the effect of engine speeds on physicochemical characteristics of particles, results showed that the soot has higher oxidation activity under higher engine speed.

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“…Therefore, the conventional combustion mode (CCM) engine yields large particles than non-CCM engines. 413…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Diesel Soot Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the conventional combustion mode (CCM) engine yields large particles than non-CCM engines. 413 The turbostratic carbon structure of soot aggregates contain nano-crystalline particles. 443 Soot in the exhaust gas had bassanite (1.8 nm) nanostructure.…”

Section: Morphology Of Pm Emitted By Conventional Combustion Mode (Cc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Characterization of renewable diesel particulate matter gathered from non-premixed and partially premixed flame burners and from a diesel engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Impacts of Fuel Stage Ratio on the Morphological and Nanostructural Characteristics of Soot Emissions from a Twin Annular Premixing Swirler Combustor

Impacts of Fuel Stage Ratio on the Morphological and Nanostructural Characteristics of Soot Emissions from a Twin Annular Premixing Swirler Combustor

Impact of n-Hexanol Blending on Morphology, Nanostructure, Graphitization, and Oxidation Characteristics of Diesel Particles

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

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