Characterization of Real-Time PMD and Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring in a High-PMD 46-Gb/s Transmission System

Capabilities of real-time digital coherent transceivers

“…2. In this experiment 21 the error in the DGD monitor output had a standard deviation of 5ps, and was within 12ps of the independently measured value 95% of the time. Note that this was tested over a wide range of DGD values (10 to 123ps) in a transmission path with all-orders of PMD.…”

“…Having receivers with integrated monitoring capability can be very cost-effective for carriers, as no additional hardware is required. Both the CD and the instantaneous DGD can be extracted from the parameters used by the DSP to demodulate the signal [19][20][21][22] . We have characterized the monitoring capability of the transceivers shown in Fig.…”

A Robust Real-Time 100G Transceiver With Soft-Decision Forward Error Correction [Invited]

“…First the PCs at the EDFA mid-stages 1, 2, and 5 were randomly set to change the PMD state of the transmission line. An estimate of the DGD was obtained from the 100G MSA transceiver by reading the coefficients in the equalizer, as in [26]. When the DGD estimate was greater than a chosen threshold (e.g., 50 ps), the tunable laser was switched through the 10 × 100 km transmission line and the PMD and PDL were measured.…”

Performance of Dual-Polarization QPSK for Optical Transport Systems

“…Time-varying PMD statistics can be used for link characterization and fault isolation, and can be used proactively to address impairments. Accuracies of 32 ps/nm for chromatic dispersion and 12 ps (at 95% confidence) for DGD values ranging from 10 to 120 ps were measured on a commercial 40-Gb/s coherent modem [23].…”