Characterization of pyrolytic oil obtained from pyrolysis of TDF (Tire Derived Fuel)

Pyrolysis of waste tyres: A review

“…The gas yield increased from 2.99 to 20.22 wt.% and char yield decreased from 50.67 to 26.41 wt.% as the temperature of pyrolysis was increased from 375 -500 ºC. However, for similar pyrolysis conditions, Banar et al (2012) reported that for pyrolysis of tyre derived fuel (steel removed) the maximum oil yield was only 38.8 wt.%, with char yield at 34 wt.% and a high gas yield of 27.2 wt% for a heating rate of 5°C min -1 at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. A similar oil yield of 38.0 wt% at the pyrolysis temperature of 500°C and 15°C min -1 heating rate was obtained by Laresgoiti et al (2004) and de Marco et al (2001).…”

“…The caloric value of the tyre oils ranged between 38 to 42.66 MJ kg -1 and was comparable with that of the petroleum fuels shown in Table 5. Others have reported the calorific value of the tyre pyrolysis oil to be between 38 and 49.5 MJ -1 (Williams et al, 1998;Li et al, 2004;Murugan et al, 2008a;Banar et al, 2012;Rada et al, 2012). Kar (2011) used expanded perlite as a catalyst mixed with waste tyre in an attempt to improve the fuel properties of the product pyrolysis oil.…”

“…Williams et al (1990) reported that increasing the heating rate showed an increase in gas yield, being 6.6 wt% at 5°C min -1 heating rate which increased to 14.8 wt.% gas at 80°C min -1 heating rate, where both experiments were undertaken at 720°C pyrolysis temperature. Banar et al (2012) reported a significant influence of heating rate, where oil yield decreased to 35.1 wt.% and gas yield increased to 33.8 wt.% as the heating rate was increased from 5°C min -1 to 35°C min -1 at the pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. The influence of very fast heating rates of 1200°C min -1 have been investigated over a temperature range of 500 to 1000°C (Leung et al 2002).…”

“…Table 3 shows some of the PAH identified in tyre pyrolysis oil (Williams and Bottrill, 1995;Cunliffe and Williams, 1998a;Dai et al, 2001;Li et al, 2004;Conesa et al, 2004;Laresgoiti et al, 2004;Olazar et al, 2008;Kaminsky et al, 2009;Banar et al, 2012). Concentrations of total PAH in tyre pyrolysis oils are reported at 1.72 wt% for a fixed bed reactor at 500°C (Cunliffe and Williams, 1998a), however, higher concentrations of PAH totalling over 16 wt.% have been reported for the rotary kiln pyrolysis of waste tyres at the same temperature (Li et al, 2004).…”

“…A Diels-Alder reaction mechanism has been suggested as being responsible for the increase in aromatic content with temperature (Cypres and Bettens, 1989;Williams and Taylor, 1993). Banar et al (2012) used a fixed bed reactor and reported that PAH concentrations in the product oil were increased with increasing reactor heating rate. Kyari et al (2005) analysed the tyre pyrolysis oil from different types and brands of waste tyre using a fixed bed reactor and reported different tyres produced different concentrations of single ring and PAH in the product oils.…”