Characterization of Pyroclastic Deposits and Pre-eruptive Soils following the 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Island Volcano, Alaska

Wang, Bronwen; Michaelson, G. J.; Ping, Chien‐Lu; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Hageman, Philip L.

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.276

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1). The eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in August 2008 deposited centimetre to metre of fine to coarse pyroclastic material over the full surface of preexisting soils ; this pyroclastic material had higher pH and much lower C content relative to pre-eruption surface soils (pH, 6.9 > 5.1; %C, 0.08 < 1.1; Wang et al, 2010). Most of the soils in this region are classified as Typic Cryandepts, reflecting repeated layering of soils with modest horizon development and volcanic ash deposits (USDA, 1979;Waythomas et al, 2003).…”

Section: Sample Collection and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional soil geochemical analysis was performed at the Palmer Plant and Soils Analysis Laboratory of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Palmer, AK), following standard U.S. Department of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) procedures (NRCS Soil Survey Staff, 1996;Wang et al, 2010). Additional soil geochemical analysis was performed at the Palmer Plant and Soils Analysis Laboratory of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Palmer, AK), following standard U.S. Department of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) procedures (NRCS Soil Survey Staff, 1996;Wang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Soil Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pH and %C reflect the integrated accumulation of acidity and OM respectively. Rapid abiotic weathering of bare surficial pyroclastic deposits on Kasatochi drove a pH drop from a mean of 8 at deposition (Wang et al, 2010) to a mean of 6.6 in 2013 (Table S1), and the 2013 pH was even lower in pyroclastics with OM inputs (mean 4.1-5.1, overlapping legacy soil and reference soil pH at means 5.1-5.6 and 5.1 respectively). In addition to abiotic weathering, bird, plant and microbial activity can produce acidity.…”

Section: Geochemical Constraints On Microbial Growth and Activity Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska

Zeglin

Wang

Waythomas

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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In August 2008, Kasatochi volcano erupted and buried a small island in pyroclastic deposits and fine ash; since then, microbes, plants and birds have begun to re-colonize the initially sterile surface. Five years post-eruption, bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copy numbers and extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) potentials were one to two orders of magnitude greater in pyroclastic materials with organic matter (OM) inputs relative to those without, despite minimal accumulation of OM (< 0.2%C). When normalized by OM levels, post-eruptive surfaces with OM inputs had the highest β-glucosidase, phosphatase, NAGase and cellobiohydrolase activities, and had microbial population sizes approaching those in reference soils. In contrast, the strongest factor determining bacterial community composition was the dominance of plants versus birds as OM input vectors. Although soil pH ranged from 3.9 to 7.0, and %C ranged 100×, differentiation between plant- and bird-associated microbial communities suggested that cell dispersal or nutrient availability are more likely drivers of assembly than pH or OM content. This study exemplifies the complex relationship between microbial cell dispersal, soil geochemistry, and microbial structure and function; and illustrates the potential for soil microbiota to be resilient to disturbance.

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Section: Sample Collection and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemical Constraints On Microbial Growth and Activity Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska

Zeglin

Wang

Waythomas

et al. 2015

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Only a few samples of Kasatochi ash are available showing lower iron release rates as assumed in our standard experiment (Olgun et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2010). As these samples consist of rather coarse ash, collected on a ship only about 13 km southwest of Kasatochi (Waythomas et al, 2010), the iron release rate might be not totally representative, as smaller ash particles with larger surface area per unit mass may carry larger amounts of bio-available iron.…”

Section: Amount Of Volcanic Ash and Associated Bio-available Iron Depmentioning

confidence: 90%

The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

Lindenthal¹,

Langmann²,

Pätsch³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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In high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll regions, phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of water-soluble iron. The eruption of Kasatochi volcano in August 2008 led to ash deposition into the iron-limited NE Pacific Ocean. Volcanic ash released iron upon contact with seawater and generated a massive phytoplankton bloom. Here we investigate this event with a one-dimensional ocean biogeochemical column model to illuminate the ocean response to iron fertilisation by volcanic ash. The results indicate that the added iron triggered a phytoplankton bloom in the summer of 2008. Associated with this bloom, macronutrient concentrations such as nitrate and silicate decline and zooplankton biomass is enhanced in the ocean mixed layer. The simulated development of the drawdown of carbon dioxide and increase of pH in surface seawater is in good agreement with available observations. Sensitivity studies with different supply dates of iron to the ocean emphasise the favourable oceanic conditions in the NE Pacific to generate massive phytoplankton blooms in particular during July and August in comparison to other months. By varying the amount of volcanic ash and associated bio-available iron supplied to the ocean, model results demonstrate that the NE Pacific Ocean has higher, but limited capabilities to consume CO2 after iron fertilisation than those observed after the volcanic eruption of Kasatochi

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“…the eruption of Kasatochi Volcano in 2008 produced approximately 6 × 10 11 kg of ash (Langmann et al, 2010) containing 5-10 wt % iron in the bulk composition (Wang et al, 2010). Assuming the mass of the ash surface rim as approximately 1-5 % of the total mass, the surface rim of the ash from the Kasatochi eruption carries approximately 0.6-3 × 10 8 kg iron.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash iron mobilization through physicochemical processing in volcanic eruption plumes: a numerical modeling approach

2015

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Abstract. It has been shown that volcanic ash fertilizes the Fe-limited areas of the surface ocean through releasing soluble iron. As ash iron is mostly insoluble upon the eruption, it is hypothesized that heterogeneous in-plume and in-cloud processing of the ash promote the iron solubilization. Direct evidences concerning such processes are, however, lacking. In this study, a 1-D numerical model is developed to simulate the physicochemical interactions of the gas-ash-aerosol in volcanic eruption plumes focusing on the iron mobilization processes at temperatures between 600 and 0 • C. Results show that sulfuric acid and water vapor condense at ∼ 150 and ∼ 50 • C on the ash surface, respectively. This liquid phase then efficiently scavenges the surrounding gases (> 95 % of HCl, 3-20 % of SO 2 and 12-62 % of HF) forming an extremely acidic coating at the ash surface. The low pH conditions of the aqueous film promote acid-mediated dissolution of the Fe-bearing phases present in the ash material. We estimate that 0.1-33 % of the total iron available at the ash surface is dissolved in the aqueous phase before the freezing point is reached. The efficiency of dissolution is controlled by the halogen content of the erupted gas as well as the mineralogy of the iron at ash surface: elevated halogen concentrations and presence of Fe 2+ -carrying phases lead to the highest dissolution efficiency. Findings of this study are in agreement with the data obtained through leaching experiments.

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Characterization of Pyroclastic Deposits and Pre-eruptive Soils following the 2008 Eruption of Kasatochi Island Volcano, Alaska

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska

Organic matter quantity and source affects microbial community structure and function following volcanic eruption on Kasatochi Island, Alaska

The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

Ash iron mobilization through physicochemical processing in volcanic eruption plumes: a numerical modeling approach

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