Characterization of proteases isolated from Kudoa septempunctata

Shin, Sook; Zenke, Kosuke; Yokoyama, Hiroshi

doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.175

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…One of the most well researched protease groups in parasites are cysteine proteases, commonly investigated for their potential as therapeutic targets in parasites as they are known to be involved in a variety of pathways as well as being associated with parasitic development and proliferation [62]. In myxozoans, cysteine proteases have been suggested to be involved in the proteolytic destruction of host tissue based on activity and substrate assays [10,63,64]. They are also associated with host hemoglobin degradation in blood feeding parasites, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myxozoans are parasitic cnidarians that are important pathogens to both wild and cultured fish populations and yet there are no drug targets specified for this group and limited proteolytic studies to examine activity or function of selected proteins [9,10]. Myxozoans are suggested to have reduced genomes compared to their free living cnidarian relatives [11,12] which could have an impact on the range and diversity of the peptidases expressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome of Sphaerospora molnari (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) blood stages provides proteolytic arsenal as potential therapeutic targets against sphaerosporosis in common carp

et al. 2020

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Background: Parasites employ proteases to evade host immune systems, feed and replicate and are often the target of anti-parasite strategies to disrupt these interactions. Myxozoans are obligate cnidarian parasites, alternating between invertebrate and fish hosts. Their genes are highly divergent from other metazoans, and available genomic and transcriptomic datasets are limited. Some myxozoans are important aquaculture pathogens such as Sphaerospora molnari replicating in the blood of farmed carp before reaching the gills for sporogenesis and transmission. Proliferative stages cause a massive systemic lymphocyte response and the disruption of the gill epithelia by spore-forming stages leads to respiratory problems and mortalities. In the absence of a S. molnari genome, we utilized a de novo approach to assemble the first transcriptome of proliferative myxozoan stages to identify S. molnari proteases that are upregulated during the first stages of infection when the parasite multiplies massively, rather than in late spore-forming plasmodia. Furthermore, a subset of orthologs was used to characterize 3D structures and putative druggable targets. Results: An assembled and host filtered transcriptome containing 9436 proteins, mapping to 29,560 contigs was mined for protease virulence factors and revealed that cysteine proteases were most common (38%), at a higher percentage than other myxozoans or cnidarians (25-30%). Two cathepsin Ls that were found upregulated in spore-forming stages with a presenilin like aspartic protease and a dipeptidyl peptidase. We also identified downregulated proteases in the spore-forming development when compared with proliferative stages including an astacin metallopeptidase and lipases (qPCR). In total, 235 transcripts were identified as putative proteases using a MEROPS database. In silico analysis of highly transcribed cathepsins revealed potential drug targets within this data set that should be prioritised for development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%