Characterization of products obtained of waste polyethylene terephthalate by pyrolysis

Olam, Mikail; Karaca, Hüseyın

doi:10.1002/ep.13835

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…When compared with the GC–MS results of gasoline and diesel, it was observed that the obtained liquid products contained a few light components found in gasoline but were closer in content to diesel. This situation indicated that a product consisting of light compound components was obtained between gasoline and diesel (Olam and Karaca 2022 ). Considering the conversion rate, fuel properties, and the production of valuable chemicals, it was thought that this process would be feasible/applicable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of an innovative SF/NZVI catalyst and investigation of its effectiveness on bio-oil production in liquefaction process alongside other parameters

Ersöz,

Bayrak,

Gündüz

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Today, new energy sources alternative to fossil fuels are needed to meet the increasing energy demand. It is becoming increasingly important to constitute new energy sources from waste biomass through the liquefaction process. In this study, walnut shells (WS) were liquefied catalytically and non-catalytically under different parameters using the liquefaction method. In this process, the effect of silica fume/nano zero-valent iron (SF/NZVI) catalysts on the conversion rates was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized by reducing NZVI using a liquid phase chemical reduction method on SF. The SF/NZVI catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The effect of various process parameters on the liquefaction process was investigated. In this context, the reaction temperature ranged from 300 to 400 °C, the solid/solvent ratio ranged from 1/1 to 1/3, the reaction time ranged from 30 to 90 min, and the catalyst concentration ranged from 1 to 6%. According to the results obtained, the most suitable operating conditions for non-catalytic experiments in liquefaction of WS were found to be temperature of 400 °C, reaction time of 60 min, and solid/solvent of 1/3. In catalytic conditions, the optimum values were obtained as temperature of 375 °C, reaction time of 60 min, solid/solvent ratio of 1/3, and catalyst concentration of 6%. The highest total conversion and (oil + gas) % conversion were 90.4% and 46.7% under non-catalytic conditions and 90.7% and 62.3% under catalytic conditions, respectively. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the bio-oil was mainly composed of aromatic compounds (benzene, butyl-, indane and their derivatives,) and polyaromatic compounds (naphthalene, decahydro-, cis-, naphthalene, 1-methyl-.). The aim of increasing the quantity and quality of the light liquid product in the study has been achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of an innovative SF/NZVI catalyst and investigation of its effectiveness on bio-oil production in liquefaction process alongside other parameters

Ersöz,

Bayrak,

Gündüz

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

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“…This product with high added value can be used to carry out new PET synthesis. Unlike other methods examined in the literature [ 34 ], HTL allows the conversion of PET into terephthalic acid with high yields by working at lower temperatures and in the absence of a catalyst, which would contaminate the solid phase. Furthermore, compared to other HTL studies [ 17 ], the process conditions were optimized, obtaining the same yield of terephthalic acid but carrying out the reactions for shorter times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Terephthalic Acid from Densified Post-consumer Plastic Mix by HTL Process

Agostini¹,

Ciuffi

Gallorini

et al. 2022

Molecules

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In this study, we investigate the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of PET separated from a densified postconsumer plastic mix, with the aim of recovering its monomer. This second raw material is made up of 90% polyolefin, while the remaining 10% is made up of PET, traces of metals, paper, and glass. After preliminary separation by density in water, two batch experiments were performed on the sunken fraction (composed mainly of PET) in a stainless steel autoclave at 345 °C for 30 and 20 min. Both trials resulted in similar yields of the three phases. In particular, the solid yield is around 76% by weight. After a purification step, this phase was analyzed by UV–Vis, 1H-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy and resulted to be constituted by terephthalic acid (TPA), a product of considerable industrial interest. The study proved that the hydrothermal liquefaction process coupled with density separation in water is effective for obtaining TPA from a densified postconsumer plastic mix, which can be used for new PET synthesis.

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“…Pyrolysis is one of the main methods of MSW resource utilization that can convert organic matter into small-molecule combustible gas and liquid oil in an inert environment while solidifying heavy metals into char [3]. Compared with incineration, pyrolysis is a relatively uncomplicated technology requiring no complex processing plant, it is quite environmentally friendly, and the process parameters are controlled according to the desired products [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD–DEM Simulation of Heat Transfer and Reaction Characteristics of Pyrolysis Process of MSW Heated by High-Temperature Flue Gas

Wang,

Jia,

Song

et al. 2024

Processes

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Pyrolysis is a promising disposal method for municipal solid waste (MSW) due to the high-value utilization of the organic components of MSW. Traditional indirect heating has low heat transfer efficiency and requires an increase in the heat exchange area. In this study, a refined numerical simulation model for the pyrolysis of four typical MSW components with high-temperature flue gas was established to study the influence of flue gas on the heat transfer and reaction characteristics of MSW. The temperature distribution and particle size change in different components were obtained, and the effects of flue gas temperature and velocity on the pyrolysis process were analyzed. It was found that the temperature difference of the four components along the bed height direction was about 1.36–1.81 K/mm, and the energy efficiency was about 55–61%. When the four components were uniformly mixed, the temperature increase rates of each component were similar during the pyrolysis process. As the flue gas temperature increased, the amount of gas consumption decreased and the energy efficiency increased. When the flue gas velocity increased, the flue gas consumption increased and the energy efficiency decreased. The research results are of great significance for the promotion and application of pyrolysis technology to MSW with high-temperature flue gas.

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Characterization of products obtained of waste polyethylene terephthalate by pyrolysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Synthesis of an innovative SF/NZVI catalyst and investigation of its effectiveness on bio-oil production in liquefaction process alongside other parameters

Synthesis of an innovative SF/NZVI catalyst and investigation of its effectiveness on bio-oil production in liquefaction process alongside other parameters

Recovery of Terephthalic Acid from Densified Post-consumer Plastic Mix by HTL Process

CFD–DEM Simulation of Heat Transfer and Reaction Characteristics of Pyrolysis Process of MSW Heated by High-Temperature Flue Gas

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