Characterization of Products from the Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste

Buah, W. K.; Cunliffe, Adrian M.; Williams, Paul T.

doi:10.1205/psep07024

Cited by 216 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such high oxygen content is typical of RDF in literature [10,11], mostly as a result of the chemically bound oxygen in the cellulosic fractions of the paper, cardboard and wood that make up RDF. The high ash and fixed carbon contents of the RDF was mostly responsible for the lower contents of volatile matter compared to the cellulose and plastic samples.…”

Section: Rdf Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Efika

Onwudili

Williams

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The high-temperature pyrolysis behaviour of a sample of refuse derived fuel (RDF) as a model of municipal solid waste (MSW) was investigated in a horizontal tubular reactor between 700 -900 °C , at varying heating rates, and at an extended vapour residence time.Experiments were designed to evaluate the influence of process conditions on gas yields as well as gas and oil compositions. Pyrolysis of RDF at 800 °C and at rapid heating rate resulted in the gas yield with the highest CV of 24.8 MJ m -3 while pyrolysis to 900 °C at the rapid heating rate generated the highest gas yield but with a lower CV of 21.3 MJ m -3 . A comparison of the effect of heating rates on oil products revealed that the oil from slow pyrolysis, contained higher yields of more oxygenates, alkanes (C8 to C39) and alkenes (C8 to C20), while the oil from rapid pyrolysis contained more aromatics, possibly due to the promotion of Diels-Alder-type reactions. IntroductionThere is a continuously growing need for new and sustainable sources of energy in the world as our populations grow and countries become more developed. There is also an increased demand for renewable sources of energy, resulting in increased interests in the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) as an energy resource both by biochemical and thermochemical means. Among the thermochemical technologies for MSW conversion, pyrolysis is arguably, the most versatile in relation to the flexibility of obtaining primary products. The application of pyrolysis technology to MSW is quite promising as the energy content of the MSW can be extracted in the form of primary pyrolysis products including gas,

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Section: Rdf Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Efika

Onwudili

Williams

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…The reforming temperature was set at 800 ºC to promote the catalyst activation. Once the reforming temperature was reached, the pyrolysis temperature was increased up to 600 ºC, the decomposition of RDF has been reported to start at 230 ºC [23]. At the same time, water as steam was introduced with a flow rate of 5ml h -1 and mixed with the evolved RDF pyrolysis gases.…”

Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ni/SiO2 catalyst preparation methods on hydrogen production from the pyrolysis/reforming of refuse derived fuel

Blanco

Williams

2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogen production from the pyrolysis/reforming of refuse derived fuel (RDF) was investigated with a series of Ni/SiO 2 catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by homogeneous precipitation derived from a sol-gel method (HPG) and compared to Ni/SiO 2 catalysts prepared by adding a phase separation step to the HPG process (B-HPG). All the catalysts had a NiO loading of 10 wt.%, and three different calcination temperatures (500 ºC, 700 ºC and 900 ºC) were used for each method. The prepared Ni/SiO 2 catalysts were analysed to determine their surface area, and porosity characteristics; additionally scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by HPG and calcined at 700 ºC (HPG700), presented a relatively high surface area (~347 m 2 g -1 ), large pore diameter (12.50 nm), and also resulted in the highest catalytic activity towards H 2 production, attaining ~60 vol.% hydrogen. The lowest hydrogen concentration of about 42 vol.% was obtained using the catalysts prepared by the combined HPG-phase separation method, and calcined at 900 ºC (B-HPG900). It was also observed that at calcination temperatures higher than 700 ºC the catalytic activity for hydrogen production was diminished for both preparation methods.

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“…The experimental procedure consisted of the initial heating of the reforming stage up to 800 ºC, followed by pyrolysis of RDF at a heating rate of 30 ºC min -1 to the final temperature of 600 ºC. Steam was introduced at the top of the second stage, reforming reactor when the temperature of the first reactor reached around 230 ºC; which was the thermal degradation temperature of the RDF [31]. The steam was mixed with the RDF pyrolysis gases, and then passed through the second catalytic stage with the aid of nitrogen as carrier gas (80 ml min -1 ).…”

Section: Pyrolysis-reforming Reactor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and evaluation of Ni/SiO2 catalysts for hydrogen production and tar reduction from catalytic steam pyrolysis-reforming of refuse derived fuel

Blanco

Onwudili

et al. 2013

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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A series of Ni/SiO 2 catalysts have been prepared and investigated for their suitability for hydrogen production and tar reduction in a two-stage pyrolysis-reforming system, using refuse derived fuel (RDF) as the raw material. Experiments were conducted at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 ºC, and a reforming temperature of 800 ºC. The product gases were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and the condensed fraction was collected and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the catalyst preparation method, nickel content and the addition of metal promoters (Ce, Mg, Al), were investigated. Catalysts were characterised using BET surface area analysis, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TPO and SEM analysis of the reacted catalysts showed that amorphous type carbons tended to be deposited over the Ni/SiO 2 catalysts prepared by impregnation, while filamentous type carbons were favoured with the sol-gel prepared catalysts. The influence of catalyst promoters (Ce, Mg, Al) added to the Ni/SiO 2 catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method was found not to be significant, as the H 2 production was not increased and the tar formation was not reduced with the metaladded catalyst. The highest H 2 concentration of 57.9 vol.% and lower tar amount produced of 0.24 mg tar /g RDF ; were obtained using the 20 wt.% Ni/SiO 2 catalyst prepared by sol-gel. On the other hand a low catalytic activity for H 2 production and higher tar produced were found for the impregnated series of catalysts, which might be due to the smaller surface area, pore size and due to the formation of amorphous carbons on the catalyst surface. Alkenes and alcohol functional groups were mainly found in the analysed tar samples, with major concentrations of styrene, phenol, indene, cresols, naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene.

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Characterization of Products from the Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste

Cited by 216 publications

References 12 publications

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Influence of Ni/SiO2 catalyst preparation methods on hydrogen production from the pyrolysis/reforming of refuse derived fuel

Characterization and evaluation of Ni/SiO2 catalysts for hydrogen production and tar reduction from catalytic steam pyrolysis-reforming of refuse derived fuel

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