Characterization of Probiotic Properties and Whole-Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus johnsonii N5 and N7 Isolated from Swine

Abstract

In our previous microbiome profiling analysis, Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii was suggested to contribute to resistance against chronic heat stress-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets. Forty-nine L. johnsonii strains were isolated from these heat stress-resistant piglets, and their probiotic properties were assessed. Strains N5 and N7 exhibited a high survival rate in acidic and bile environments, along with an antagonistic effect against Salmonella. To identify genes potentially involved in these observed probiotic properties, the complete genome sequences of N5 and N7 were determined using a combination of Illumina and nanopore sequencing. The genomes of strains N5 and N7 were found to be highly conserved, with two N5-specific and four N7-specific genes identified. Multiple genes involved in gastrointestinal environment adaptation and probiotic properties, including acidic and bile stress tolerance, anti-inflammation, CAZymes, and utilization and biosynthesis of carbohydrate compounds, were identified in both genomes. Comparative genome analysis of the two genomes and 17 available complete L. johnsonii genomes revealed 101 genes specifically harbored by strains N5 and N7, several of which were implicated in potential probiotic properties. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of niche adaptation and probiotic properties, as well as the genome diversity of L. johnsonii.

Probiotic Insights from the Genomic Exploration of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strains Isolated from Fermented Palm Sap

“…These genes are largely responsible for the assembly and operation of the F0-F1 ATPase proton pump, which maintains cytoplasmic pH by exporting protons following ATP hydrolysis [ 55 ]. This system is essential for the survival of bacteria in the acidic environment of the stomach [ 56 ]. In addition, the isolates possessed murE and mleS for bile salt tolerance and cspB , cspLA , csp , hrcA , dnaJ , dnaK , clpC_1 , and clpB for temperature tolerance, which may contribute to their survival and functionality under varying conditions within the host [ 57 ].…”