Characterization of primary and aged wood burning and coal combustion organic aerosols in environmental chamber and its implications for atmospheric aerosols

Yazdani, Amir; Dudani, Nikunj; Takahama, Satoshi; Bertrand, Amélie; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Haddad, Imad El; Dillner, Ann M.

doi:10.5194/acp-2020-924

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This slope is within the previously reported range (Gilardoni et al, 2009;Russell et al, 2009a, b;Liu et al, 2011) considering collection efficiency of AMS (Yazdani et al, 2020b;Kumar et al, 2018;Canagaratna et al, 2007) and the aerosol volatilization artifacts from PTFE filters (Ruggeri, 2017;Subramanian et al, 2004). Yazdani et al (2020b) reported the AMS the collection efficiency to range between 0.7 and 1.1 for the same experiments. The OM concentrations estimated by both methods indicate the significant enhancement with aging even without particle and vapor wall loss consideration (on average 2.4 and 2.7 times by AMS and MIR, respectively).…”

Section: Ams and Mir Om Mass Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In general, the important FGs highlighted by the VIP scores method are the same ones targeted in past studies of atmospheric aerosols (e.g., Ruthenburg et al, 2014;Russell et al, 2009b) and are consistent with our knowledge of POAs and SOAs related to combustion sources (e.g, Bertrand et al, 2018Bertrand et al, , 2017Yazdani et al, 2020b). In addition, they provide insight into the fraction of the combusted fuel that is important for OM formation (e.g., hydrocarbons in CC).…”

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The out-of plane aromatic CH band, γ(CH), at 750 cm -1 , in spite of being visible, does not have high VIP scores in spite of their positive coefficient, suggesting that aromatic CH (rCH) is not a major part of the aged CC. The RONO 2 absorption region at 1630 cm -1 does not have high VIP scores although this region is very prominent in the aerosols aged with the nitrate radical (Yazdani et al, 2020b). This is because the AMS OM concentrations used in this study do not consider the majority organonitrate mass as both NO 2 + and NO + are attributed to inorganic nitrate.…”

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For the aged WB aerosols, VIP scores are the highest for the broad carboxylic ν(OH) absorbances at 2400-3400 cm -1 and carbonyl ν(CO) (acid carbonyl) at 1700 cm -1 , suggesting carboxylic acids to be important contributors to the OM mass after SOA formation (Yazdani et al, 2020b). In contrast to the primary WB aerosols, aCOH does not have high VIP scores for the aged WB aerosol (Yazdani et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The filter holder was placed downstream of a sharp-cut-off cyclone and a silica gel denuder and the flow rate through the filter was maintained at 8 L min −1 . We used a similar naming convention for the filters to that of Yazdani et al (2020b). Filters were immediately stored in filter petri dishes at 253 K after sampling and before MIR analysis to minimize volatilization and chemical reactions.…”

Section: Offline Mir Pm Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragment ion-functional group relationships in organic aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry and mid-infrared spectroscopy

Yazdani

Dudani

Takahama

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) are two analytical methods for characterizing the chemical composition of OM. While AMS provides high-temporal-resolution bulk measurements, the extensive fragmentation during the electron impact (EI) ionization makes the characterization of OM components limited. The analysis of aerosols collected on PTFE filters using MIR, on the other hand, provides functional group (FG) information with reduced sample alteration but results in a relatively low temporal resolution. In this work, we compared and combined MIR and AMS measurements for several environmental chamber experiments to achieve a better understanding of the AMS spectra and the OM chemical evolution by aging. Fresh emissions of wood and coal burning were injected into an environmental simulation chamber and aged with hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. A high-resolution time-of-flight (HR-TOF) AMS measured the bulk chemical composition of fine PM. Fine aerosols were also sampled on PTFE filters before and after aging for the offline MIR analysis. After comparing AMS and MIR bulk measurements, we used multivariate statistics to identify the influential functional groups contributing to AMS OM mass for different aerosol sources and aging processes. We also identified the key mass fragments resulting from each functional group for the complex OM generated from biomass and fossil fuel combustion. Finally, we developed a statistical model that enables estimation of the high-time-resolution functional group composition of OM using collocated AMS and MIR measurements. Using this approach, AMS spectra can be used to interpolate the functional group measurements by MIR, allowing us to better understand the evolution of OM during the aging process.

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Section: Ams and Mir Om Mass Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Identifying Fg-ion Fragment Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Offline Mir Pm Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragment ion-functional group relationships in organic aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry and mid-infrared spectroscopy

Yazdani

Dudani

Takahama

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Quantification of major particulate matter species from a single filter type using infrared spectroscopy – application to a large-scale monitoring network

et al. 2022

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Abstract. To enable chemical speciation, monitoring networks collect particulate matter (PM) on different filter media, each subjected to one or more analytical techniques to quantify PM composition present in the atmosphere. In this work, we propose an alternate approach that uses one filter type (teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, commonly used for aerosol sampling) and one analytical method, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to measure almost all of the major constituents in the aerosol. In the proposed method, measurements using the typical multi-filter, multi-analytical techniques are retained at a limited number of sites and used as calibration standards. At all remaining sites, only sampling on PTFE and analysis by FT-IR is performed. This method takes advantage of the sensitivity of the mid-IR domain to various organic and inorganic functional groups and offers a fast and inexpensive way of exploring sample composition. As a proof of concept, multiple years of samples collected within the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment network (IMPROVE) are explored with the aim of retaining high quality predictions for a broad range of atmospheric compounds including mass, organic (OC), elemental (EC), and total (TC) carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and crustal elements. Findings suggest that models based on only 21 sites, covering spatial and seasonal trends in atmospheric composition, are stable over a 3 year period within the IMPROVE network with acceptable prediction accuracy (R2 > 0.9, median bias less than 3 %) for most constituents. The major limitation is measuring nitrate as it is known to volatilize off of PTFE filters. Incorporating additional sites at low cost, partially replacing existing, more time- and cost-intensive techniques, or using the FT-IR data for quality control or substitute for missing data, are among the potential benefits of the one-filter, one-method approach.

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Design and fabrication of an electrostatic precipitator for infrared spectroscopy

Dudani

Takahama

2022

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a direct measurement technique for chemical characterization of aerosols that can be applied without solvent extraction thermal treatment a priori. This technique has been used for chemical speciation, source apportionment, and detailed characterization of the complex organic fraction of atmospheric particles. Currently, most IR analyses are performed by transmission through porous membranes on which the particles are collected via filtration. The membrane materials interfere with the IR spectra through scattering and absorption that not only make extracting the chemical information on aerosol harder but also limit the lower extent of detection. An alternative IR measurement method that does not inherit such limitations is to collect the particles on an IR transparent material. We present an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) design that enables such measurements by collection on a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal. Through numerical simulations and rapid prototyping with 3D printing, we design and fabricate a device which is tested with polydispersed ammonium sulfate particles to evaluate the quantitative chemical composition estimates against particle count reference. Furthermore, with an image analysis procedure and using variable aperture of the IR spectrometer, we analyze the radial mass distribution. The collector has high collection efficiency (82 ± 8 %) and linear response to mass loading (R2 > 0.94) with a semi-uniform deposition. The method of design and fabrication is transferable to other applications, and the current ESP collector can provide directions for further design improvements.

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Characterization of primary and aged wood burning and coal combustion organic aerosols in environmental chamber and its implications for atmospheric aerosols

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Fragment ion-functional group relationships in organic aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry and mid-infrared spectroscopy

Fragment ion-functional group relationships in organic aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry and mid-infrared spectroscopy

Quantification of major particulate matter species from a single filter type using infrared spectroscopy – application to a large-scale monitoring network

Design and fabrication of an electrostatic precipitator for infrared spectroscopy

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