Characterization of prevalence and genetic subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in wild and domestic Suidae of central Italy aided by amplicon NGS

Russini, Valeria; Filippo, Margherita Montalbano Di; Fanelli, Rita; Polidori, Miriam; Berrilli, Federica; Cave, David Di; Novelletto, Andrea; Calderini, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100472

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the only other study to apply NGS to explore Blastocystis subtype diversity in ruminants, mixed infections were also abundant and observed in 65.3% (49/75) of Blastocystis -positive cattle [ 48 ]. NGS has also been used to explore Blastocystis subtype diversity in wild carnivores, humans, captive wild and domestic birds, chickens, wild boars, and pigs with mixed infections reported in 50%, 13.7%, 62.5%, 63.6%, 23.1%, and 15.4% of Blastocystis -positive hosts, respectively [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 51 , 52 ]. Thus, the occurrence of mixed subtype infection in WTD reported here is the highest in any Blastocystis host to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the high occurrence of mixed infections, the high occurrence of Blastocystis overall, and the large number of subtypes present in this wild WTD population could indicate that exposure to multiple sources of infection contribute to infection risk and intra-subtype variability within individual hosts. While lower rates of mixed subtype infections and less subtype diversity in domestic and captive wildlife could indicate shared sources of infection within those populations [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA

et al. 2021

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Blastocystis is a gastrointestinal protist frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. Wildlife populations, including deer, may serve as reservoirs of parasitic diseases for both humans and domestic animals, either through direct contact or through contamination of food or water resources. However, no studies of the occurrence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in wildlife populations have been conducted in the United States. PCR and next generation amplicon sequencing were used to determine the occurrence and subtypes of Blastocystis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Blastocystis was common, with 88.8% (71/80) of samples found to be positive. Twelve subtypes were identified, ten previously reported (ST1, ST3, ST4, ST10, ST14, ST21, and ST23–ST26) and two novel subtypes (ST30 and ST31). To confirm the validity of ST30 and ST31, MinION sequencing was used to obtain full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences, and phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses were performed. ST10, ST14, and ST24 were the most commonly observed subtypes. Potentially zoonotic subtypes ST1, ST3, or ST4 were present in 8.5% of Blastocystis-positives. Mixed subtype infections were common (90.1% of Blastocystis-positives). This study is the first to subtype Blastocystis in white-tailed deer. White-tailed deer were found to be commonly infected/colonized with a wide diversity of subtypes, including two novel subtypes, zoonotic subtypes, and subtypes frequently reported in domestic animals. More studies in wildlife are needed to better understand their role in the transmission of Blastocystis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA

et al. 2021

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“…In the present study, the highest rate of Blastocystis infection, i.e., 80% and 90%, was observed respectively in wild boars and peccaries, followed by 58.97% in NHPs, and 34.78% in Bovidae (Table 1). Available reports on the occurrence of Blastocystis in wild boars recorded infection rates of 25% and 44% by microscopy [34,35] and 10.4%, 61.9%, and 76.9% when molecular methods were used [36][37][38]. A high infection rate for this protist (occasionally reaching 100%) has been described in the majority of reports concerning domestic pigs (closely related to wild boars) in various geographic regions of the world [21,27,[39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Detected Blastocystismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis from Animals and Their Caregivers at the Gdańsk Zoo (Poland) and the Assessment of Zoonotic Transmission

Rudzińska

Kowalewska

Waleron

et al. 2021

Biology

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Blastocystis is a highly genetically diverse gut protist commonly found in humans and various animals. The role of animals in human infection is only partly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the host specificity and possibility of zoonotic transmission of this microorganism. Subtypes of Blastocystis isolated from 201 zoo animals and their 35 caregivers were identified by sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. Blastocystis was found in 26.86% of animal and 17.14% of human samples. Both mammalian (ST1–ST3, ST5, ST8, ST10, ST13, ST14) and non-mammalian subtypes were detected. Of the subtypes found in non-human primates (ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST13), two subtypes (ST1 and ST3) were also detected in humans. The presence of identical ST1 sequences in three monkeys and their caregiver indicates the possibility of direct transmission of Blastocystis between these animals and humans. Detection of ST5 only in wild boars and peccaries, ST8 only in Marsupial, ST10 and ST14 only in Bovidae, and non-mammalian subtypes in reptiles suggests higher host specificity for these subtypes, and indicates that their transmission between animals and humans is unlikely. Additionally, this was probably the first time that ST5 was found in peccaries, ST2 in patas monkeys, and ST8 in red kangaroos.

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“…Blastocystis ST15 was described for the first time in 2013 by Alfellani et al [59] in a camel and a gibbon. Since then, this subtype was found to be common in wild boars sampled in Italy and it was also found in a couple of domestic pigs [60]. In the study by Wylezich et al [16], 14/41 samples were positive for ST15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR

et al. 2021

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Several parasite species are shared between humans and pigs. We explored the application of next-generation sequencing-based metabarcoding supplemented with real-time PCR to fecal DNAs from 259 samples from 116 pigs in Denmark to detect and differentiate single-celled intestinal parasites of zoonotic relevance. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli, and Giardia duodenalis were observed in 34/37 (92%), 148/259 (57%), and 86/259 (33%) samples, respectively. Entamoeba polecki ST1, E. polecki ST3, and Entamoeba hartmanni were detected in 104/259 (40%), 161/259 (62%), and 8/259 (3%) samples, respectively. Metabarcoding and real-time PCR detected Cryptosporidium in 90/259 (35%) and 239/259 (92%) of the samples, respectively, with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum observed in nearly equal proportions. Blastocystis subtypes 1, 3, 5, and 15 were found in 72 (28%), 6 (2%), 176 (68%), and 36 (14%) of 259 samples, respectively. Iodamoeba was identified in 1/259 samples (<1%), while none of 37 tested samples was positive for Dientamoeba fragilis. Our results illustrate how metabarcoding exemplifies a ‘one-fits-many’ approach to detecting intestinal single-celled parasites in feces supplemented with real-time PCR for selected parasites. Using metabarcoding with pathogen-specific assays may help detect emerging and previously underdetected pathogens and further elucidate the role of micro-eukaryotic parasites in human and animal health and disease.

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Characterization of prevalence and genetic subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in wild and domestic Suidae of central Italy aided by amplicon NGS

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA

Wide Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Maryland, USA

Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis from Animals and Their Caregivers at the Gdańsk Zoo (Poland) and the Assessment of Zoonotic Transmission

Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR

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