Characterization of Precipitates in Vanadium and Titanium Microalloyed Steels.

El-Fawakhry, Kamel A.; Mekkawy, Mohamed F.; Mishreky, M. L.; Eissa, Mamdouh

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.31.1020

Cited by 20 publications

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“…Both (5) Cu-S and (6) "-Cu are well known in non-Ti-added steel with intentional Cu addition. However, (7) Cu-S in Tiadded steel has not been reported in any papers except for one exceptional report by K. A. El-Fawakhry et al, 75) which mentioned the precipitation of Cu-S in intentional 0.13%Cu-added Ti-microalloyed electric-arc-furnace-based commer- Cu-S-related item extension cial steel through TEM-based microanalysis. Although there are still some difficulties in determining whether the Cu peak in the EDX spectrum is ''a ghost peak from a Cu mesh'' or a peak of ''Cu from Cu-S'', 13) they report that (i) Cu 2 S exists in the Ti-added steel bar, (ii) the shape of Cu-S is round ($ 1 mm) and/or elongated ($10 mm long) and (iii) Cu-S is occasionally associated with Ti 4 C 2 S 2 (0:2 $ 0:5 mm), but they have not shown the mechanism.…”

Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Ishiguro¹,

Murayama²,

Fujita³

et al. 2009

Mater. Trans.

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The authors previously reported that even a trace level of copper (0.01% Cu) acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in nonTi-added steel in which Mn has been thought to be the only sulfide-former so far. A new concept of copper-related sulfide precipitation is now extended to Ti-added steel. In addition, the total sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel is reconfigured with the new knowledge of Cu-S. The new concept is shown in three consecutive papers. This first paper focuses on the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel.Through TEM observation and quantitative chemical analysis, it is reported that the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel reflects not only the precipitation in the austenite region but also the inevitable precipitation behavior during the cooling process from austenite to ferrite region, especially trace-level-Cu-induced Cu-S precipitation in ferrite region during rapid cooling. The mechanism of the inevitable sulfide precipitation during the cooling process is mainly based upon TiS-decomposition-induced morphological change and the reprecipitation of sulfur which remains solute over precipitatable limit during the heat-treatment in austenite region, and is precisely discussed in relation with Cu-S precipitation. Purpose of Our Studies and Reviews of Past ReportsThrough three consecutive papers, 1,2) the authors demonstrate the comprehensive concepts of sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel in austenite and ferrite regions with the addition of a new concept of copper sulfide (Cu-S) precipitation induced by a small amount of 0.01%Cu, as well as the rarely-mentioned concept that Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and MnS are formed in ferrite region. The first paper focuses on sulfide precipitation in austenite region, including the phenomena in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel with the subsequent various cooling pattern.The following review provides explanations and comments on past studies of Cu-related precipitation, together with our purposes. These items are mentioned only in this paper, the first part of three consecutive papers. Therefore, the following description includes phenomena in both austenite and ferrite regions, because these phenomena are related to each other and cannot be completely separated. Table 1 shows the overviews of past studies on both Curelated precipitation in steel and sulfide precipitation in steel, together with the purpose of the three consecutive studies. Each item below is referred to as a ''parenthetic No.'' in Table 1. First of all, it has been believed as an established theory that (1) a small amount of Cu in non-Ti-added steel exists as solid solution, and many people have not paid any attentions to it. However, as our group has already pointed out, (2) such a trace level of Cu acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in non-Ti-added steel whose sulfide-former is only Mn (more precisely, 0.01%Cu). [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The first purpose is (#1) to...

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Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Ishiguro¹,

Murayama²,

Fujita³

et al. 2009

Mater. Trans.

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“…If, however, carbide-forming alloying elements are added to the steel, a further and important strengthening reaction occurs in the temperature range from 500˚C to 650˚C which is called secondary hardening [18]. As a result of this reaction, a hardness approaching that of the as-quenched alloy can be achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plain-carbon steels, as in Fe-C alloys, there is a progressive softening accompanied by an increase in ductility as quenched martensite is tempered in the range from 100˚C to 700˚C [18]. If, however, carbide-forming alloying elements are added to the steel, a further and important strengthening reaction occurs in the temperature range from 500˚C to 650˚C which is called secondary hardening [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Change in hardness of investigated steels by tempering for 45 min at temperature range (from room temperature up to 650˚C) after austenitizing and air quenching. (>300˚C) and recrystallization of the martensite structure above 600˚C [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalloying with vanadium, titanium, niobium and nitrogen was emerged as an attractive technique to enhance the mechanical properties of hot deformed steels through grain refinement and precipitation strengthening [16] [17] and attaining higher hardness levels in quenched-tempered steels through secondary hardening [18]. The changes in tempering treatment affect the type of carbide formed and the size, distribution, and chemistry of the various carbides [4].…”

Section: S Ghali Et Al J Minerals and Materials Characterization Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Features of the Influence of Titanium and Nitrogen Addition to NiCrMoV Steel

Ghali¹,

Eissa²,

Mishreky³

2018

JMMCE

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This paper reports a study of the addition effects of either titanium or titanium and nitrogen of steel grade DIN 56NiCrMoV7 on mechanical properties. Three steel grades were produced in 30 kg-induction furnace, one conforms the chemical composition of conventional 56NiCrMoV7 while the other two produced steels were microalloyed by either titanium or titanium and nitrogen. The produced cast steel grades were reheated to 1150˚C and hold for 2 hours, followed by forging process. The forging process was carried out in temperature range 950˚C -1100˚C. Solution treatment of hot forged steels was conducted at 880˚C, 850˚C followed by air and oil quenching, respectively. Quenched steel samples of different steel grades were tempered at different temperatures in the range of 300˚C to 650˚C for 45 min. The hardness variations after tempering of the two modified steels comparing with the conventional 56NiCrMoV7 steel were studied. Microadditions of titanium or titanium and nitrogen were found to produce secondary hardening at 550˚C to 575˚C (45 min) with a hardness peak higher than that attained in the conventional 56NiCrMoV7 steel. The effect of titanium and nitrogen additions on phases formation was investigated by Thermo-Calc. SEM was used to confirm Thermo-Calc analysis. Interpretation between hardness and formed phases has been illustrated.

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Development of new grade of steel shots for casting cleaning

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Characterization of Precipitates in Vanadium and Titanium Microalloyed Steels.

Cited by 20 publications

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Some Features of the Influence of Titanium and Nitrogen Addition to NiCrMoV Steel

Development of new grade of steel shots for casting cleaning

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Characterization of Precipitates in Vanadium and Titanium Microalloyed Steels.

Cited by 20 publications

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) &mdash;Precipitation in Austenite Region&mdash;

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) &mdash;Precipitation in Austenite Region&mdash;

Some Features of the Influence of Titanium and Nitrogen Addition to NiCrMoV Steel

Development of new grade of steel shots for casting cleaning

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Product

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—