Characterization of Pousão Pigments and Extenders by Micro-X-ray Diffractometry and Infrared and Raman Microspectroscopy

Correia, Andreia M.; Oliveira, Madalena; Clark, Robin J. H.; Ribeiro, M. Isabel; Duarte, M.L.

doi:10.1021/ac701887p

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the intentional presence of lead sulfate cannot be fully disregarded. This compound has been rarely used as a white pigment, although its use has been reported at the end of the 19th century, and it has been found in some paintings of the same period as reported by Correia et al Lead sulfate is furthermore the responsible for the band at 979 cm −1 observed in the Raman spectra of black and brown motifs described above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Romantic restorations in the Alhambra monument: Spectroscopic characterization of decorative plasterwork in the Royal Baths of Comares

Arjonilla

Ayora‐Cañada

Domene³

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The polychrome plasterwork decorations of the Room of the Beds in the Royal Bath of Comares of the Alhambra monumental ensemble have been studied using Raman microspectroscopy and complementary techniques. This area keeps the testimony of the controversial restorations carried out in the 19th century in an attempt to imitate the lost original appearance of the authentic Nasrid plasterwork. Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence have been employed to identify the pigments and extenders. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has been used to gain additional information about the morphology of the painting layers. Additionally, infrared microspectroscopy provided insight into the nature of the organic materials employed as binders. Vermillion, synthetic ultramarine blue, hematite, and carbon black were clearly identified in red, blue, brown, and black decorations by Raman spectroscopy. Green decorations were executed with a copper-arsenic pigment that could not be unambiguously identified although the presence of Raman bands typical of arsenate stretching bands could point to alteration processes of copper arsenite pigments. Regarding the execution technique, the pictorial layer was applied over a preparation layer of white lead that also contained barite using a proteinaceous binder.The presence of anglesite and other phases related to hydrocerussite alteration due to humidity and salts was also evidenced. Finally, a comparison of the materials found in this redecoration with those identified in original Nasrid decorations has been performed, revealing noticeable differences in both the materials and the execution technologies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Romantic restorations in the Alhambra monument: Spectroscopic characterization of decorative plasterwork in the Royal Baths of Comares

Arjonilla

Ayora‐Cañada

Domene³

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In detail, the pinkish color was measured on the skin of both women (points 12.A and 13.A) and angel (point 8.A). The obtained results suggest the use of a mixture of hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ; Raman bands at 620 and 412 cm -1 [7]) and lead white (2PbCO 3 ÁPb(OH) 2 ; Raman band at 1052 cm -1 [8]). Additionally, the 785-nm laser detected the presence of red lead (Pb 3 O 4 ) (peak at 548 cm -1 ).…”

Section: Reddish Huesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Barone¹,

Bersani²,

Coccato³

et al. 2017

inArt 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the results of a Raman campaign for studying seventeenth-century Sicilian frescoes, by using two portable Raman systems, equipped with different excitation sources (785 and 1064 nm), are proposed. The measurements were performed with the aim to provide an in situ diagnostic analysis of the wall paintings (in terms of colorants and preparation layer) and to support the conservators in the framework of the ongoing restoration. The combined use of the two Raman spectrometers has given a complete overview on the artist palette and on the state of preservation of frescoes, also informing us about the technique employed by the painter. Natural pigments as hematite, vermillion, goethite, lead red, lead white and carbon-based black pigments have been identified. Additionally, the application of a transitional RomanesqueRenaissance frescoes method has been noticed by the systematic combined presence of calcite and gypsum in the substrate. Finally, the analyses have highlighted the presence of degradation products, mainly related to alteration of lead-based pigments.

show abstract

“…However, the elements detected may also occur from extenders added to a synthetic variety. Clay minerals were not detected by Raman spectroscopy, which may relate to the fact that they are weak Raman scatters, and thus difficult to identify by this technique, particularly when present with other compounds [16,17].…”

Section: Brown Central Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This was likely due to the pigment's weak Raman signal, which is easily masked in the presence of other compounds [3,16]. Zinc white was detected by SEM-EDX and moreover Zn was detected in combination with chrome green, ultramarine, cadmium red and dinitraniline orange PO5 in KSa/1948, KSb/1955, KSd/1964and KSf/1990 respectively, indicating the possible presence of zinc white in these layers too.…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman analysis of complex pigment mixtures in 20th century metal knight shields of the Order of the Elephant

Lauridsen¹,

Sanyova

Симонсен³

2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterization of Pousão Pigments and Extenders by Micro-X-ray Diffractometry and Infrared and Raman Microspectroscopy

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Romantic restorations in the Alhambra monument: Spectroscopic characterization of decorative plasterwork in the Royal Baths of Comares

Romantic restorations in the Alhambra monument: Spectroscopic characterization of decorative plasterwork in the Royal Baths of Comares

Nondestructive Raman investigation on wall paintings at Sala Vaccarini in Catania (Sicily)

Raman analysis of complex pigment mixtures in 20th century metal knight shields of the Order of the Elephant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About