Characterization of possible alternative materials for the production of marine fuels

Abstract

Maritime transport is a significant contributor to the environmental pollution. For this reason, the maximum sulfur content in liquid marine fuels has been drastically reduced since January 1st 2020 for deep sea areas. This reduction can be solved by diluting the conventional high sulfur fuels with suitable low sulfur components. However, mixing two or more components with each other carries a potential risk of incompatibility or instability of the final product, especially in the case of longer storage and subsequent transportation to the end consumers. For the above reasons, this work deals with the mapping of alternative raw materials that could be used to produce very low sulfur fuel oils (VLSFO) with a sulfur level up to 0.5 wt%. A total of 5 raw materials (1 conventional fuel oil – HSFO and 4 alternative raw materials) were characterized. The individual raw materials were compared to each other with regard to the quality properties required for marine fuels according to the ISO 8217. Subsequently, the suitability of these raw materials for further mixing was outlined in order to meet the required quality parameters for marine fuel mixing.

Long-Term Coprocessing of Used Cooking Oils with Refinery Petroleum Fractions: A Comprehensive Study of Catalyst Activity and Biofuel Production Effects

“…32−34 It is important to pay increased attention, already at the laboratory scale, to the homogeneity and compatibility of alternative materials added to standard refinery streams. 35,36 In the extreme, technological problems could occur, for example, the formation of deposits, sludge, or deteriorated product quality. 37−39 Over the years, the pilot test has proven to be a suitable tool for evaluating alternative raw materials, various reaction conditions, or catalyst activation and deactivation.…”

“…This process produces hydrogenated vegetable oil, also called green diesel. , Used cooking oil or animal fat is the most discussed in producing second-generation biofuels . Pyrolysis oils obtained by pyrolysis of waste tires or depolymerization of plastics must also not be neglected. − Despite the disadvantages of second-generation biofuels, which include, for example, the inhomogeneity of the processed waste material and pollution.…”