Characterization of pomegranate peel extracts obtained using different solvents and their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis in leukemia cells

Abstract

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Chemical profiling of Punica granatum peels from Jordan using LC–MS/MS and study on their biological activities

“…The water extraction of pomegranate rind showed a remarkable extraction yield (1.3%) compared with those obtained by ethanol (0.8%) and acetone (0.2%) ( P < 0.05). The same results were demonstrated in previous studies (Abu‐Darwish et al., 2016; Tamborlin et al., 2020). Solvents with different polarities yield extracts with various chemical constituents and biological properties.…”

“…Qualitative analysis of bioactive compounds in the obtained extracts\fractions was performed using a liquid chromatographic system (LC‐8030, Shimadzu, Japan) consisting of degasser (DGU‐5A), quaternary solvent delivery pump (LC‐30 AD), auto‐sampler with cooler (S11‐30 AC), column temperature controller (CTO‐30A) and system controller (CBM‐20A). The sample was separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 (150 mm length × 2.1 mm internal diameter, 3.5 μm film thickness) column with a mobile phase solution A (0.1% aqueous formic acid) and B (0.1% solution of formic acid in acetonitrile) (Tamborlin et al., 2020). Under the gradient elution condition, the mobile phase was eluted as follows: 5% solvent A for 5 min, 5–100% solvent B in 15 min and 100% solvent B for 5 min at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min −1 , after each run the column was washed and re‐equilibrated for 15 min.…”

“…As reported in a recent study, P. granatum peel extract may play a vital role against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by inhibiting its interaction with the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor (Tito et al., 2021). Other recent reports demonstrated that P. granatum peels could be an effective remedy for many chronic diseases (Tamborlin et al., 2020; Khokar et al., 2021). Also, it was mentioned that P. granatum peel extracts revealed higher biological properties than extracts obtained from several other parts of pomegranate (except that of flower) (Fischer et al., 2011).…”

Beetroot and leaf extracts present protective effects against prostate cancer cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and growth signaling pathways

“…Several studies already reported other natural compound's effects on inducing PARP1 cleavage in cancer cells. Tamborlin et al (2020) showed cleavage of PARP1 and consequently apoptosis induction in leukemia cells (THP1) after the treatment for 48 hr with a combination of ellagic acid and punicalagin (Tamborlin et al, 2020). Lin et al (2015) treated MCF‐7 cells with 43 μM of luteolin and 30 μM of apigenin for 24 hr, and also observed the PARP1 cleavage in both treatments (Lin et al, 2015).…”

Peer Review #2 of "Punicalagin, a pomegranate compound, induces apoptosis and autophagy in acute leukemia (v0.1)"

“…Punicalagin has been shown to possess anti-leukemic activities by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis of HL-60 leukemic cells through caspase-3 activation (Chen et al, 2009). Pomegranate juice and peel extracts contain punicalagin, which is responsible for the induction of apoptosis, S phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting proliferation in CCRF-CEM, MOLT-3, HL-60 and THP-1 cells (Dahlawi et al, 2013;Tamborlin et al, 2020).…”