Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) double network hydrogel utilized for the cleaning of works of art

Al-Emam, Ehab Awad; Soenen, Hilde; Caen, Joost; Janssens, Koen

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-48527/v1

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…PVP/PVA (COP) (20/10% w/w; 1:1 ratio) and THB (8% w/w; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 ratio) stock solutions were prepared in deionized water (Husain et al, 2018;Al-Emam et al, 2020). Hydrogels were developed to create a fluid gel by combining the required ratios of both formulations for approximately 1 h with frequent stirring.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Cop-thb Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a variety of metal ions and charged secondary diazo dyes, it forms ion complexes (Husain et al, 2018). Hydrogels based on COP and one of a variety of cross-linkers, such as tetrahydroxyborate (THB) anions, are one promising class of hydrogels (Al-Emam et al, 2020). The amount of THB anions has a greater effect on hydrogel construction than the amount of COP, according to results from formulation studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses

Zhao

et al. 2021

Drug Delivery

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The principal goal of the present investigation was to enterprise new and effective drug delivery vesicle for the sustained delivery of local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride (LDC), using a novel combination of copolymeric hydrogel with tetrahydroxyborate (COP-THB) to improve bioactivity and therapeutic potential. To support this contention, the physical and mechanical properties, rheological characteristics, and component release of candidate formulations were investigated. An optimized formulation of COP-THB containing LDC to an upper maximum concentration of 1.5% w/w was assessed for drug crystallization. The biocompatibility of the prepared COP-THB hydrogel was exhibited strong cell survival (96%) and growth compatibility on L929 fibroblast cell lines, which was confirmed by using methods of MTT assay and microscopic observations. The COP-THB hydrogel release pattern is distinct from that of COP-THB/LDC hydrogels by the slow-release rate and the low percentage of cumulative release. In vivo evaluations were demonstrated the anesthetic effects and toxicity value of treated samples by using mice models. In addition, COP-THB/LDC hydrogels significantly inhibit in vivo tumor growth in mice model and effectively reduced it is in vivo toxicity. The pharmacological evaluation showed that encapsulation of LDC in COP-THB hydrogels prolonged its anesthetic action with favorable in vitro and in vivo compatibility. This novel design may theoretically be used in promising studies involving the controlled release of local anesthetics. HIGHLIGHTSDevelopment a modified sustained release system for the local anesthetic lidocaine. PVP-THB hydrogel to improve the pharmacological properties of the drug and their anesthetic activities. Profiles of PVP-THB/LDC showed that the effective release of associated lidocaine. This new formulation could potentially be used in future local anesthetics.

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Section: Fabrication Of Cop-thb Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses

Zhao

et al. 2021

Drug Delivery

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“…For instance, the total concentrations of the salts (e.g. EDTA, ammonium carbonate, and SDS) was kept below 1% since high concentrations of these salts causes excessive syneresis and makes the consistency of the gel to be much stiffer (28)(29)(30). A day before the treatment, the gel composites were prepared, con ned in Petri dishes and preserved in the refrigerator (5 °C).…”

Section: Strategy Of Cleaning Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we investigated the different characteristics of the PVA-B/AG double network gel. According to these investigations, the gel is characterized by the following features: a) it is a exible gel with the ability to adapt its shape to complex surfaces such as the case of ancient Egyptian painted reliefs, b) it features good shape stability when applied on painted surface for extended contact times, and c) it can be loaded with a wide range of reagents such as mixtures of polar and non-polar solvents, chelating agents, and surfactants, d) and it has a good liquid retention, a relevant property required in sites characterized by elevated temperature and very low levels of relative humidity (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot removal from ancient Egyptian complex painted surfaces using a double network gel: Empirical tests on the ceiling of the sanctuary of Osiris in the temple of Seti I – Abydos

Al-Emam

Motawea²,

Caen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this study, we evaluated the ease of removal of soot layers from ancient wall paintings by employing double network gels as a controllable and safe cleaning method. The ceiling of the temple of Seti I (Abydos, Egypt) is covered with thick layers of soot; this is especially the case in the sanctuary of Osiris. These layers may have been accumulated during the occupation of the temple by Christians, fleeing the Romans in the first centuries A.D.. Soot particulates are one of the most common deposits to be removed during conservation-restoration activities of ancient Egyptian wall paintings. They usually mask the painted reliefs and reduce the permeability of the painted surface. A Polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) double network gel was selected for this task since its properties were expected to be compatible with the cleaning treatment requirements. The gel is characterized by its flexibility, permitting to take the shape of the reliefs, while also having self-healing properties, featuring shape stability and an appropriate capacity to retain liquid. The gel was loaded with several cleaning reagents that proved to be effective for soot removal. Soot removal tests were conducted with these gel composites. The cleaned surfaces were evaluated with the naked eye, a digital microscope, and color measurements in order to select the best gel composite. The gel composite, loaded with a solution of 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA yielded the most satisfactory results and allowed to safely remove a crust of thick soot layers from the surface. Thus, during the final phase of the study, it was used successfully to clean a larger area of the ceiling.

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“…There are two main approaches that have been taken to "clean" works of art, physical and virtual. The physical approach, in which mild solvents and gel systems are usually used, apart from being time consuming, can also damage the work [9][10][11]. The simulation of the outcome of the aged varnish removal from a painting is referred to as virtual cleaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cleaning of Works of Art Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Amiri

Messinger

2021

Preprint

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Virtual cleaning of art is a key process that conservators apply to see the likely appearance of the work of art they have aimed to clean, before the process of cleaning. It is also of public interest, allowing people to see their favorite work of art without the yellow tint of the varnish which has covered the work. There have been many different approaches to virtually clean artwork, all of which need to physically clean the work in at least a few spots, an impediment in some cases. Another issue regarding the methods devised until now is that some of them need samples of pure white or black paint on the painting which might be, again, an obstacle as there are certainly works without any pure black and white paint. To overcome these shortcomings, a Convolutional Neural Network is trained on representative RGB images; the images are first artificially yellowed using a physics based model and the network is trained to go from the yellowed images to the original colored images. The results show improvement over a proposed method using a physical model to remove the impacts of age. The CNN is then applied to images of the Mona Lisa and The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne, both painted by Leonardo da Vinci, and works for which we have images from both before and after physical cleaning. Results show both a qualitative and quantitative improvement in the color quality of the resulting image. The novelty of the work proposed herein lies in two premises. First is the accuracy of the method, which is demonstrated through comparing the method with the only physical approach derived until now. Second is the generalizability of the method which is shown through blindly applying the method to two famous works of art for which no information but an RGB image of the uncleaned artwork is known.

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Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) double network hydrogel utilized for the cleaning of works of art

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses

Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses

Soot removal from ancient Egyptian complex painted surfaces using a double network gel: Empirical tests on the ceiling of the sanctuary of Osiris in the temple of Seti I – Abydos

Virtual Cleaning of Works of Art Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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