Characterization of Polystyrene Wastes as Potential Extruded Feedstock Filament for 3D Printing

Turku, Irina; Kasala, Sushil; Kärki, Timo

doi:10.3390/recycling3040057

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Turku et al investigate the possible recyclability of vey common and used thermoplastics, such as polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC), for a possible re-use in 3D printing [ 49 ]. The chemical composition of the extruded filaments obtained by the recycled polymers was investigated by the means of DSC and TGA.…”

Section: Thermal Techniques As Potential Tool For Biopolymers’ Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio-Sourced Polymers

Blanco

Siracusa

2021

Materials

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The public pressure about the problems derived from the environmental issues increasingly pushes the research areas, of both industrial and academic sectors, to design material architectures with more and more foundations and reinforcements derived from renewable sources. In these efforts, researchers make extensive and profound use of thermal analysis. Among the different techniques available, thermal analysis offers, in addition to high accuracy in the measurement, smartness of execution, allowing to obtain with a very limited quantity of material precious information regarding the property–structure correlation, essential not only in the production process, but overall, in the design one. Thus, techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were, are, and will be used in this transition from fossil feedstock to renewable ones, and in the development on new manufacturing processes such as those of additive manufacturing (AM). In this review, we report the state of the art of the last two years, as regards the use of thermal techniques in biopolymer design, polymer recycling, and the preparation of recyclable polymers as well as potential tools for biopolymer design in AM. For each study, we highlight how the most known thermal parameters, namely glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tf), crystallization temperature (Tc) and percentage (%c), initial decomposition temperature (Ti), temperature at maximum mass loss rate (Tm), and tan δ, helped the researchers in understanding the characteristics of the investigated materials and the right way to the best design and preparation.

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Section: Thermal Techniques As Potential Tool For Biopolymers’ Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of recycled Polystyrene (rPS), recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (rABS) and recycled polyvinylchloride (rPVC) pyrolysis under a neutral atmosphere. Reprinted from [ 49 ] with permission of MDPI. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio-Sourced Polymers

Blanco

Siracusa

2021

Materials

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“…Some of the options for recycling materials include grinding down and reusing printed parts, reusing the excess material cleaned away from the printed parts (for example, excess unfused powder in selective laser sintering prints) or using waste plastic that can be ground into pellets for melting and printing. [36][37][38] The challenge with these materials is the potential change in properties when exposed to environmental conditions such as heat, ultraviolet light, moisture or micro-organisms. 39…”

Section: Applications For Recycled Materials In 3-d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐D printed spectacles: potential, challenges and the future

Lee

Burnett

Panos

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Three‐dimensional (3‐D) printing offers the potential to custom‐produce a wide range of manufactured objects and improve manufacturing processes. The additive manufacturing process involves material (resin, metal, ceramics or biological cells) being deposited layer upon layer, which is fused to create a 3‐D object. While 3‐D printing has been readily available in the aerospace and automotive industries, and is being used increasingly in the medical field, its potential for optometry and ophthalmic optics has rarely been discussed in depth. 3‐D printing of spectacles has the potential to provide customised experiences, to cater for those who do not fit standardised frames or for those with irregular prescriptions, and to reduce delivery times and inventory with the opportunity of increasing access to underserved populations. Here we review available 3‐D printing technologies, and the current 3‐D printed spectacle market, including testing three commercially available spectacle frames to assess compliance with ISO:12870 standards. The article then explores the challenges faced and environmental impact of implementing 3‐D printing of spectacles.

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“…The global plastic consumption has drastically increased during the previous century, considerably increasing the amount of generated plastic waste [ 1 ]. Researchers worldwide have been attempting to develop sustainable solutions to address the increase in plastic waste and preserve the environment [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, mechanical recycling is limited because of the toxic compounds associated with recycling, even though it is a highly resource-effective approach. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as the latest sustainable technique to promote the use plastic waste as feedstock material [ 1 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Characterization of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Silica Microparticles Using Leftover Materials of Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing

2021

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Silica exhibits properties such that its addition into polymeric materials can result in an enhanced overall quality and improved characteristics and as a result silica has been widely used as a filler material for improving the rheological properties of polymeric materials. The usage of polymers in three-dimensional printing technology has grown exponentially, which has increased the amount of waste produced during this process. Several polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon, are applied in this emerging technology. In this study, the effect of the addition of silica as a filler on the mechanical, thermal, and bulk density properties of the composites prepared from the aforementioned polymeric waste was studied. In addition, the morphology of the composite materials was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The composite samples were prepared with various silica concentrations using a twin extruder followed by hot compression. Generally, the addition of silica increased the tensile strength of the polymers. For instance, the tensile strength of PVA with 5 wt% filler increased by 76 MPa, whereas those of PP and PLA with 10 wt% filler increased by 7.15 and 121.03 MPa, respectively. The crystallinity of the prepared composite samples ranged from 14% to 35%, which is expected in a composite system. Morphological analysis revealed the random dispersion of silica particles and agglomerate formation at high silica concentrations. The bulk density of the samples decreased with increased amount of filler addition. The addition of silica influenced the changes in the characteristics of the polymeric materials. Furthermore, the properties presented in this study can be used to further study the engineering design, transportation, and production processes, promoting the recycling and reuse of such waste in the same technology with the desired properties.

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Characterization of Polystyrene Wastes as Potential Extruded Feedstock Filament for 3D Printing

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

The Use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio-Sourced Polymers

The Use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio-Sourced Polymers

3‐D printed spectacles: potential, challenges and the future

Comprehensive Characterization of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Silica Microparticles Using Leftover Materials of Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing

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