Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in sediments from riverine and coastal waters of Surabaya, Indonesia

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in riverine and estuarine sediments of the Pearl River Delta in southern China, with emphasis on spatial variability in diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific distribution of HBCD

“…In general, c-HBCD was the dominated diastereoisomer with average percentage contributions ranging from 52.5% to 75.0%. This was in agreement with previous observations in sediments from other locations (Morris et al, 2004;Marvin et al, 2006;Guerra et al, 2009;Ilyas et al, 2011). There was significant difference (p < 0.001, t-test) in HBCD diastereoisomer composition between the Dongjiang River (19.7% a-HBCD, 5.4% b-HBCD, and 75.0% c-HBCD) and Zhujiang River (33.2% a-HBCD, 12.0% b-HBCD, and 54.8% c-HBCD).…”

Occurrence, sources, and ecological risks of PBDEs, PCBs, OCPs, and PAHs in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster, China

“…Our results were close to the PBDE levels in urban riverine sediments from another industrialized region in southern China Sun et al 2013) but higher than those from less industrialized urban regions (0.13−30.5 ng/g) (Chen et al 2009;Zhao et al 2011;Li et al 2012a). The concentrations of LPBDEs (<8 ng/g) in the riverine and coastal sediments from Indonesia were comparable to our results, while the concentrations of BDE209 (<27 ng/g) were substantially lower than our values (Ilyas et al 2011). High sediment concentrations of PBDEs (up to 18,700 ng/g) were reported in a Korea lake (Moon et al 2012).…”

“…Average PCB concentrations of 14.1 − 24.9 ng/g in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary have been observed by Gao et al (2013), which were higher than the levels in the present study. Our result was also significantly lower than the average PCB levels (ranging from 9.20 to 233 ng/g) in the urban sediments recently reported in China (Liu et al 2007;Yang et al 2009;Zhang et al 2010;Zhao et al 2010a) as well as in many riverine, estuarial, and lake sediments at other locations in the world (Vane et al 2007;Shen et al 2009;Hoai et al 2010;Martinez et al 2010;Ilyas et al 2011). The likely explanation is that the three cities in the present study are all emerging cities where commercial PCBs products were not used in large quantities in the past.…”

Current levels and composition profiles of PBDEs and alternative flame retardants in surface sediments from the Pearl River Delta, southern China: Comparison with historical data

“…The concentrations of PBDEs (without BDE209) (b 8 ng/g) in the riverine and coastal sediments from Indonesia were comparable to our results, while the concentrations of BDE209 (b 27 ng/g) were substantially lower than most values in this study (Ilyas et al, 2011). The PBDE concentrations in the San Francisco Bay sediments were found to range from 2 to 8 ng/g (median 4 ng/g) , a much lower range than in our results.…”