Characterization of poly(ethylene terephtalate) after multiple processing cycles

Spinacé, Márcia A. S.; Paoli, Marco

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20010404)80:1<20::aid-app1069>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 82 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At 265 °C with 2.16 kg load the MFI was found 72 g 10 min −1 . This value is within the range found in the literature for PET which has undergone thermal processing cycles, such as extrusion or injection molding, as it is expected for PET scraps derived from water bottles . An indicative MFI value for pristine PET found in the literature is 23 g 10 min −1 …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The large endothermic peak at 250.9 indicates its melting temperature ( T m ), while the broad exothermic plateau in the region 95–120 °C is associated with its cold crystallization temperature ( T cc ). The T cc of pure PET generally appears in the region between 100 °C and 160 °C, while its T g is generally between 70 °C and 80 °C . On the other hand, the T g of lignin generally varies depending on its source, while it does not exhibit any melting temperature since it is amorphous because of its complex structure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon nanofibers from renewable bioresources (lignin) and a recycled commodity polymer [poly(ethylene terephthalate)]

Svinterikos

Zuburtikudis

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Utilizing inexpensive biorenewable and waste raw materials for the production of carbon nanofibers can pave the way for lowering their manufacturing cost. In this research, lignin is combined with recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to fabricate precursor fibers via electrospinning. The process is optimized using the Design of Experiments statistical methodology and fibers with minimum average diameter equal to 191 6 60 nm are prepared. Investigation with Attenuated Total Reflection -Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy reveals the lignin structural changes induced by the solvent (trifluoroacetic acid), which is used for the preparation of homogeneous solutions of lignin and PET in various concentrations, while it gives an indication of the blending of the two electrospun polymers. The good miscibility between lignin and PET is also confirmed with Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The subsequent carbonization of the precursor fibrous mats results in a fibrous carbon structure with average fiber diameters similar to those of the precursor fibers. The successful transformation into carbon nanofibers is affirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The Carbon content of these nanofibers amounts to 94.3%. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43936.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanofibers from renewable bioresources (lignin) and a recycled commodity polymer [poly(ethylene terephthalate)]

Svinterikos

Zuburtikudis

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…1. These values have been determined by viscometry, either in solution at ambient temperature [24,33,34], or in molten state at 270 or 280 C [31,35,36], using the classical MarkeHouwink's equation: Table 1 Irreversible macromolecular changes observed during PET mechanical recycling by extrusion [24,31e37]. The Extruder geometry and size, and processing conditions are also reported.…”

Section: First Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic analysis and modelling of PET macromolecular changes during its mechanical recycling by extrusion

Naït-Ali¹,

Colin

Bergeret

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

109

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The rheometer cavity has been chosen to analyze, in carefully controlled exposure conditions, the PET macromolecular changes generated during its mechanical recycling by extrusion. Isothermal ageing experiments at 280 C, under constant or variable oxygen partial pressures (between 0% and 21% of the atmospheric pressure), have allowed us to establish that two types of oxidative macromolecular changes take place successively in an extruder reactor. Chain scissions predominate in the "strongly oxygenated" zones (at the feeder and die), whereas chain couplings (mainly chain branching) predominate in "poorly oxygenated" zones (in the middle of the reactor). Thus, it appears that the relative predominance of both types of modifications is closely related to the extruder geometry and size (in particular, the feeder and die sections and the screw length). A kinetic model of thermal ageing of molten PET has been built to check these assumptions. It describes satisfyingly all the rheometric results obtained in the present study.

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“…This behaviour is due to thermal and/or thermo‐oxidative chain scissions that induce an increase in carboxyl end‐groups and a decrease in the mean molecular weight [24]. These preliminary results indicate that the number of times PET is reprocessed has a considerable impact on its molecular distribution and structure during extrusion, that is, on its final microstructure [25].…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16] studied the behaviour of a two‐phase material and described its volume variation with the void‐growth concept under the assumption of transverse isotropy. In other studies [24, 25], the authors attribute volume change to the compressibility of the amorphous phase. The purpose of the next section is to study the necking instability.…”

Section: Macroscopic Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipative Behaviour Analysis of Reprocessed Polyethylene Terephthalate using Digital Image Correlation and Updated Finite Element Analysis

Caro-Bretelle

Ienny

Naït-Ali

et al. 2013

Strain

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a semi-crystalline polyester that is usually processed by conventional methods. However, the degradation of this polyester during the melting process impacts its macroscopic behaviour, which is particularly true for recycled PET that is subjected to multiple processes at the melting temperature by extrusion, injection-moulding or pelletizing. In this work, the impact of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of PET is studied. This approach requires exploring the influence of implementation on both its own mechanical performance factor and on the damage linked to the striction problem. An experimental protocol was developed to study large strain responses through a set of sequenced and instrumented uniaxial traction tests based on the standard ISO-5272-1-A and hourglass geometries. Updated finite element simulations were coupled with digital image correlation, thereby providing access to the parameters of a phenomenological model. This coupled approach enables researchers to understand both the complex shape of the stress-strain curve and the well-known dilatant mechanism that is observed during uniaxial deformation.

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Characterization of poly(ethylene terephtalate) after multiple processing cycles

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Carbon nanofibers from renewable bioresources (lignin) and a recycled commodity polymer [poly(ethylene terephthalate)]

Carbon nanofibers from renewable bioresources (lignin) and a recycled commodity polymer [poly(ethylene terephthalate)]

Kinetic analysis and modelling of PET macromolecular changes during its mechanical recycling by extrusion

Dissipative Behaviour Analysis of Reprocessed Polyethylene Terephthalate using Digital Image Correlation and Updated Finite Element Analysis

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