Characterization of PM2.5–bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chiang Mai, Thailand during Biomass Open Burning Period of 2016

Thepnuan, Duangduean; Chantara, Somporn

doi:10.35762/aer.2020.42.3.2

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Variations follow haze episodes and PM concentrations and diluted mass is 10 to 20x lower during the rainy season. The highest aggregated PAH level in Chiang Mai is 25.87±10 ng/m 3 in 2010, which remains considerably lower than annual variations in ng/m 3 ) (Thepnuan & Chantara, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…A very large number of publications show, with variable contribution (30 to 70%), that air masses arriving in Chiang Mai from all altitudes (10 to 3000 m) comes from the South-West and ultimately from Mae Hong Son province (Kim Oanh & Leelasakultum, 2011;Sirithian & Thanatrakolsri, 2022) and Myanmar (Kim Oanh & Leelasakultum, 2011;Pani et al, 2016 ;Phairuang et al, 2016;Kiatwatannacharoen et al, 2017 ;Sirimongkonlertkun, 2018a ;Thepnuan et al, 2019;Thepnuan & Chantara, 2020;Chansuebrsri et al, 2021Chansuebrsri et al, , 2022Niampradit et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022a;Sirithian & Thanatrakolsri, 2022) during the peak of haze season. The common interpretation is that these winds passed through coastal Myanmar and various border states (Shan, Kayah, etc.)…”

Section: Transboundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAH concentration in Chiang Mai varies from 0.05 to 26 ng/m 3 with an average value of 10.2±3 ng/m 3 (º, Pengchai et al, 2009;Thepnuan & Chantara, 2020;Kawichai et al, 2020a;Insian et al, 2022). Variations follow haze episodes and PM concentrations and diluted mass is 10 to 20x lower during the rainy season.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Chiang Mai is the largest urban center affected by the continental South East Asia haze, along with Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.. It provides values of PAH concentration with considerable urban contamination with an average value of 10±3 ng/m 3 (Pengchai et al, 2009;Thepnuan & Chantara, 2020;Kawichai et al, 2020a) similar to many European and Japanese cities (Pongpiachan & Ijima, 2016;Pengchai et al, 2009) although Choochuay et al (2020) reports a value of 2.361±2.154 μg/m 3 in Chiang Mai which is 100x higher and in disagreement with all literature available (º). Bangkok on the other hand has average values of (45±10 ng/m 3 ) (Thongsanit, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand

Pirard,

Charoenpanwutikul

2023

Preprint

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The mountainous part of northern Thailand is subject to an intense haze episode occurring almost every year between January and May. In the last couple of decades, this atmospheric phenomenon has been extensively covered in the media and is now a main concern for the population living in this area. In this review, we synthesized the information available from hundreds of publications on air pollution in Northern Thailand and surrounding regions. The review is tentatively comprehensive, including physical and chemical characteristics of air pollution, their emission sources and meteorological and climatological factors playing in the onset of haze. The effect on human health, the environment and development of agricultural, conservationist and technological practices is also covered. A significant part also focus on the socio-economical causes and solutions that have been brought by successive governments and organizations to solve this issue.

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mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Transboundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand

Pirard,

Charoenpanwutikul

2023

Preprint

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“…DNA damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts was associated with high-molecular-weight PAHs [13]. pPAHs pose a human health risk concern as they are distributed in the respirable particle size range; thus, exposure by inhalation is unavoidable [14,15]. The European Commission (EC) currently uses benzo[a]pyrene as a marker for carcinogenic PAHs in ambient air and set a target value of 1 ng m −3 [16], whereas the UK adopted a more stringent standard for an annual average concentration of benzo[a]pyrene of 0.25 ng m −3 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PM10-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Associated Carcinogenic Risk in Bangkok, Thailand

Tadsanaprasittipol

Tonrub²,

Beverland

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Concentrations of ambient particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) were measured in PM10 samples collected at roadside, industrial and urban background sites in Bangkok between May 2013 and May 2014. The annual average PM10 concentrations were not significantly different between the roadside (56.4 ± 27.3 µg m−3) and industrial (51.0 ± 31.1 µg m−3) sites. The lowest annual mean PM10 was observed at the urban background site (39.8 ± 22.2 µg m−3). Seasonal variations of pPAHs were observed at the three sampling sites. The total pPAHs ranged between 1.09 and 13.10 ng m−3 (mean 4.85 ± 2.51 ng m−3), 1.49 and 9.39 ng m−3 (mean 3.84 ± 2.01 ng m−3) and 0.77 and 5.20 ng m−3 (mean 2.28 ± 1.16 ng m−3) at the roadside, industrial and urban background sites, respectively. The observed annual average benzo[a]pyrene concentrations were 0.47 ± 0.39 ng m−3, 0.35 ± 0.27 ng m−3 and 0.24 ± 0.19 ng m−3 at the roadside, industrial and urban background sites. Long-term carcinogenic health risk of inhalation exposure expressed as the toxicity equivalent to benzo[a]pyrene concentrations were calculated as 0.83, 0.72 and 0.39 ng m−3 at the industrial, roadside and urban background sites, respectively. The composition of pPAHs plays an important role in the carcinogenicity of a PAHs mixture.

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