Characterization of Plastic Materials Present in Municipal Solid Waste: Preliminary Study for Their Mechanical Recycling

Calero, M.; Martín-Lara, M.A.; Godoy, Verónica; Quesada, L.; Martinez, David M.; Peula, Francisco; Soto, José Manuel

doi:10.31025/2611-4135/2018.13732

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Spain, there is a container to store fraction that has not been collected selectively, where a large quantity of plastic waste is found. 19 Since this type of plastic waste is not collected in a specific container, this material has a high moisture and dirt content, making its processing more complicated. 19 In the Ecocentral plant, these three fractions are mechanically pretreated to separate one plastic type from others to facilitate subsequent recycling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concretely, according to a recent analysis, the largest plastic material in this fraction is the polyethylene film (43.66%), the second main polymer is PP (10.04%), and the third most abundant plastic is PS (5.69%). 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene materials were chosen because they are the most abundant polymers in the plastic fraction of municipal solid waste not collected selectively. Concretely, according to a recent analysis, the largest plastic material in this fraction is the polyethylene film (43.66%), the second main polymer is PP (10.04%), and the third most abundant plastic is PS (5.69%) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of an Alternative Fuel by Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes Mixtures

et al. 2020

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This paper tries to obtain an alternative liquid fuel from plastic waste from the fraction not collected selectively, through a pyrolysis process. The fuels obtained from three plastic wastes, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), and from binary mixtures (PE−PP and PE−PS) and a tertiary mixture (PE−PP−PS) were characterized. These plastic wastes are the most abundant in the fraction not collected selectively. Concretely, the polyethylene film comprises 43% of total plastic of this fraction. The plastic mixtures have been chosen according to the composition of the plastic in this fraction. Liquid fuel from the polyethylene film had very similar characteristics to commercial fuels, in particular, diesel, but had a very high viscosity and a waxy appearance. Liquid fuel from polystyrene had a very fluid appearance, but possessed a large number of aromatic compounds, being useful for the synthesis of basic chemical products. The liquid obtained from polypropylene has a semiwaxy appearance and a large number of olefins. Finally, the mixtures of these wastes produced intermediate characteristics. The viscosity and waxy aspect increases when the quantity of polyethylene increases, while fluidity and the quantity of aromatic compounds also increase when the quantity of polystyrene increases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of an Alternative Fuel by Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes Mixtures

et al. 2020

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“…The organic-rest fraction is mainly composed of organic matter, plastics, paper-cardboard and glass. A total of 12.6% of this fraction corresponds to the plastic fraction, which is mainly composed of polyethylene film material (43.66%); the second main polymer is polypropylene (10.04%), and the third most abundant plastic is polystyrene (5.69%) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Different Catalysts for the In Situ Cracking of the Oil-Waxes Obtained by the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Film Waste

et al. 2020

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Currently, society is facing a great environmental problem, due to the large amount of plastic waste generated, most of which is not subjected to any type of treatment. In this work, polyethylene film waste from the non-selectively collected fraction was catalytically pyrolyzed at 500 °C, 20 °C/min for 2 h, in a discontinuous reactor using nitrogen as an inert gas stream. The main objective of this paper is to find catalysts that decrease the viscosity of the liquid fraction, since this property is quite meaningful in thermal pyrolysis. For this purpose, the three products of catalytic pyrolysis, the gaseous fraction, the solid fraction and the liquid fraction, were separated, obtaining the yield values. After that, the aspect of the liquid fraction was studied, differentiating which catalysts produced a larger quantity of waxy fraction and which ones did not. The viscosity of these samples was measured in order to confirm the catalysts that helped to obtain a less waxy fraction. The results showed that the zeolites Y and the zeolites β used in this study favor the obtaining of a compound with a smaller amount of waxes than for example catalysts such as FCC, ZSM-5 or SnCl2.

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“…According to a European report [1], world plastic production has increased by around 40% in the last 10 years and polyethylene (PE) is the major plastic component present in municipal solid waste (MSW) streams. In general, polyethylene accounts for 43% of the total plastic fraction present in MSW [2]. This is the reason for the rising processes of converting polyethylene waste into useful products [3 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the recycling stress history on LDPE waste pyrolysis

et al. 2020

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It is elementary to recognize the benefits and the negative impacts of the use of plastic materials on modern societies. Polyethylene (PE) is the major plastic component present in the municipal solid waste. In this paper, two types of low-density PE (LDPE) waste with different mechanical recycling stress histories were used to investigate the influence of recycling cycles on pyrolysis. The kinetic triplet and thermal degradation study were obtained using TGA data.To determine the sample composition and hydrocarbon arrangements, ultimate, proximate and X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out. Taking advantage of these analyses and combining them with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data, a series-parallel pyrolysis pathway was formulated. The waste of recycled polyethylene presented low enthalpy of pyrolysis, at about 205 J/g against 299 J/g for a virgin PE. The DSC analyses evidenced a multi-step reaction behavior of the pyrolysis, confirmed by the kinetic study using different isoconversional methods: the waste of recycled polyethylene presented a higher variation of activation energies as a function of the fraction reacted. The main conclusion is that the results suggest that the recycling stress history promotes the increase of long carbon chains while weakening the boundary among the compounds. This explains the fact that recycled waste needs less activation energy than other samples to degrade thermally. Finally, different categories of low-density polyethylene wastes must be considered when dealing with either kinetics or modeling of the product recovery process.

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Characterization of Plastic Materials Present in Municipal Solid Waste: Preliminary Study for Their Mechanical Recycling

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Production of an Alternative Fuel by Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes Mixtures

Production of an Alternative Fuel by Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes Mixtures

Performance of Different Catalysts for the In Situ Cracking of the Oil-Waxes Obtained by the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Film Waste

The influence of the recycling stress history on LDPE waste pyrolysis

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